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Department
of Irrigation & Drainage Engineering |
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| About
Department |
Department of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering
was established during the year 1992. It offers M.
Tech. (Agricultural Engg.) in Irrigation and Drainage
Engg. degree with intake capacity of five students
every year excluding ICAR nominees. It also offers
Ph. D. (Agricultural Engg.) in Irrigation and Drainage
Engg. degree with intake capacity of three students
every year. |
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| Academic
Programmes |
Different courses are
offered in respect of following degree programmes.
1. B. Tech. (Agril.
Engg.)
2. M. Tech. (Agril.
Engg.)
3. Ph. D. (Agril.
Engg.)
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| Infrastructure
Facilities |
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Laboratories
Size
1. Irrigation Engineering
2. Drainage Engineering
3. Fluid Mechanics (Classroom)
4. Fluid Mechanics Laboratory
5. Seminar room
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(m
x m)
9.8 x 11.0
9.1 x 9.7
9.0 x 9.7
2.7 x 16.3
6.3 x 4.6 |
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Infrastructure
(Laboratory) |
Laboratory
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| Mandate
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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6. |
To
undertake various courses related to Irrigation and
Drainage Engg. for B. Tech. (Agril. Engg.), M. Tech.
(Irrigation and Drainage Engg.) and Ph.D.( Agril.
Engg.) in Irrigation & Drainage Engg. students.
Carry out
need base research related to Irrigation and Drainage
Engg.
Training of
farmers and departmental officers.
Participation
in symposiums, seminar, exhibitions, shivar pheris,
krishi melawas, charcha satras, consultancy project/schemes,
services to the other departments and farmers.
Consultancy
projects/schemes/services to the other department
and farmers.
To develop
Human Resource Development for Industry/ State Deptt.
/ Private organization. |
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| Research
Activities |
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1.
2.
3.
4.
5. |
Adhoc
research schemes /projects undertaken
Sponsored by INCID, New Delhi
Canal lining for efficient use under the command area
of Katepurna Project
Control of water logging and salinity of salt affected
area of Purna Valley under command of
Katepurna and Morna Project
Design, development and testing of sub-surface drip
irrigation system
Sponsored by JISL, Jalgaon
Liquid fertilizer trials on Onion, Papaya, Cotton, Orange
and Sugarcane
Sponsored by ASPEE, Mumbai
Design, development and testing of low cost efficient
filter for drip irrigation |
| Research
Achievements |
The department has developed
many useful technologies for the farmers to save
irrigation water and increase the efficiency of
irrigation. These are given in brief as follows:
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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13. |
Studies on drip irrigation system for
onion, oranges, cotton, brinjal, tomato, cabbage,
cauliflower, ridge gourd, watermelon, chilli, sugar
cane and ground nut revealed the saving in water by
45 to 50 per cent and increase in yield by 10 to 40
per cent.
A riser valve for irrigation pipeline is developed
for water distribution.
Technologies are developed to save the crop in limited
water by alternate furrow irrigation and broad based
furrow irrigation without affecting yield levels significantly.
Use of water-soluble fertilizers through drip irrigation
saves 25 to 30 per cent fertilizer over traditional
fertilizer application.
Low cost gated pipe is developed for water distribution
in flow irrigation system.
Incorporation of jowar stubbles, wheat straw, sugar
cane trash at the rate of 5 tons/ha is recommended
to improve drainage properties of soil with improvement
of productivity by 10 per cent.
Incorporation of gypsum at the rate of 2 to 3 tonnes/ha
after alternate year with proper drainage system increases
yield by 30% and maintains the soil fertility.
In saline soils cultivation of ground nut on 2 rows
broad bed furrow increases yield by 15% saving of
water above 30% over the normal furrow irrigation.
Cyclic use to fresh and saline water by applying canal
water to start with or mixing of both water enhances
the yield by 50 per cent over irrigation with saline
water only.
It is recommended to use drip irrigation system for
irrigation in saline soils and discourage the use
of sprinkler irrigation system.
Ready reckoner for deciding optimum lateral length
and dripper spacing along the lateral, dripper discharge
and field slope in the design of online drip irrigation
system.
“V”- notch is developed to measure the
flow of irrigation water.
Equations were developed for prediction of weekly
pan evaporation for Akola and Nagpur. |
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Microsprinkler irrigation for summer
Groundnut |
"V" - notch |
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Ready
Recknor |
| Extension
Activities and Achievements
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| Research
Recommendations (Approved in AGRESCO) |
1.
2. |
It is recommended
to use micro sprinkler irrigation system for summer
groundnut to get better yield and quality and higher
monetary returns with 24 per cent saving in water over
broad bed furrow irrigation.
It is recommended to use the given ready recknor for
deciding optimum length of lateral and predicting discharge
of microtube for design, layout and operating microtube
trickle irrigation system on the flat land. |
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Table:
Ready recknor for microtube trickle irrigation system
for 16 mm diameter lateral and
1.2 mm diameter microtube.
Micro
tube spacing
(m)
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Micro-
tube length (cm
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Operating
pressures (kg/cm2) |
| 0.6 |
0.8 |
1.0 |
1.2 |
Optimum
length of lateral
(m)
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Discharge
of micro-tube
(lph)
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Optimum
length of lateral
(m)
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Discharge
of micro-tube
(lph)
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Optimum
length of lateral
(m)
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Discharge
of micro-tube
(lph)
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Optimum
length of lateral
(m)
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Disch-arge
of micro-tube
(lph)
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| 1.5 |
50
100
150
200
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30
33
34.5
40.5
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9.41
6.14
4.95
4.67
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33
34.5
39
43.5
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11.57
7.94
6.15
6.13
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37.5
37.5
39
48
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12.59
9.27
7.86
7.17
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39
42
45
51
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14.76
10.28
8.57
8.13
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| 3 |
50
100
150
200
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54
60
60
72
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9.99
8.15
6.28
5.34
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57
63
69
84
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12.66
8.95
8.46
6.74
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63
66
75
84
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13.95
11.16
9.19
7.92
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66
72
75
87
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15.89
11.53
10.41
9.59
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| 3. |
Use of semi-portable drip irrigation
system having considerable reduction in high initial
cost is recommended for life saving irrigation to crops,
to get better crop yields and higher monetary returns. |
| 4. |
It is recommended to use the
PKV developed ready recknor for deciding optimum length
of lateral for selected combination of dripper spacing
along lateral, dripper discharge and field slope in
design of online drip irrigation system. |
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Table:
Ready recknor for 16 mm lateral length (Inlet pressure-1
kg/cm2)
| Field
slope, % |
Emitter
discharge rate, lph |
Maximum
permissible lateral length
for different online dripper spacing, m |
| 0.6 |
1.2 |
1.8 |
2.4 |
3.0 |
6.0 |
| +1 |
4 |
45 |
60 |
65 |
75 |
95 |
125 |
| 8 |
40 |
50 |
60 |
70 |
85 |
110 |
| +2 |
4 |
45 |
65 |
70 |
80 |
100 |
145 |
| 8 |
40 |
55 |
70 |
80 |
95 |
130 |
| +3 |
4 |
50 |
70 |
80 |
90 |
115 |
160 |
| 8 |
45 |
60 |
80 |
85 |
100 |
145 |
| -1 |
4 |
40 |
55 |
60 |
70 |
90 |
110 |
| 8 |
35 |
40 |
55 |
65 |
75 |
95 |
| -2 |
4 |
35 |
50 |
60 |
65 |
80 |
95 |
| 8 |
30 |
35 |
50 |
55 |
65 |
80 |
| -3 |
4 |
35 |
45 |
50 |
60 |
70 |
90 |
| 8 |
25 |
30 |
40 |
45 |
55 |
70 |
+ Idicate down slope, - Indicate
up slope |
| 5. |
It is recommended
to use sprinkler set for protective irrigation to
cotton, soybean, sorghum, green gram and pigeon pea
crops to get better crop yields and net returns. |
| 6. |
It is
recommended to use PDKV ‘V’ notch (modified
‘V’ notch ) to measure the flow of irrigation
water. |
| 7. |
It is recommended
to use the PDKV developed equations for prediction
of weekly pan evaporation for Akola and Nagpur regions.
For Akola:
Pan Evaporation = – 7.0587 + 0.3151 Max. Temperature
+ 0.1410 Min. Temperature
– 0.0345 Morn. Relative Humidity – 0.0517
Eve. Relative Humidity
+ 0.3493 Wind Speed + 0.2646 Bright Sunshine Hrs.
For Nagpur:
Pan Evaporation = – 5.2600 + 0.2496 Max. Temperature
+ 0.0801 Min. Temperature
– 0.0268 Eve. Relative Humidity + 0.1208 Wind
Speed
+ 0.0800 Bright Sunshine Hrs.
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| 8. |
It is recommended to use
the PDKV developed pan coefficients to estimate the
monthly, seasonal & annual reference evapotranspiration
of Akola region.
Monthly pan coefficients:
| Month |
Pan coefficient |
Month |
Pan coefficient |
| January |
0.8 |
July |
0.9 |
| February |
0.7 |
August |
1.0 |
| March |
0.7 |
September |
1.0 |
| April |
0.6 |
October |
0.9 |
| May |
0.6 |
November |
0.8 |
| June |
0.8 |
December |
0.8 |
Seasonal pan coefficients:
| Season |
Pan coefficient |
| Summer (10-21 MW) |
0.6 |
| Pre monsoon (22-23 MW) |
0.7 |
| Monsoon (24-39 MW) |
1.0 |
| Post monsoon (40-48 MW) |
0.9 |
| Winter (49-9 MW) |
0.8 |
Annual pan coefficients:
0.8 |
| 9. |
It is recommended to use HDPE
pipes and PVC foot valve combination in pumping system
to save energy. |
| 10. |
Drip irrigation system (6 drippers
of 8 lph each for every tree) with mulching is recommended
to fertigate acid lime due to precise water distribution,
higher application efficiency, distribution efficiency,
water use efficiency, fertilizer use efficiency, productivity,
biometric characteristics and benefit cost ratio with
20 per cent saving in water due to mulching and 25 per
cent saving in fertilizer due to fertigation. |
| 11. |
It is recommended to use
drainage coefficients given in following table for
designing agricultural drainage systems for Nagpur
and Akola districts.
| Name
of crop |
Basic
infiltration rate of soil
(mm/hr)
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Drainage
coefficient (mm/day) |
| Nagpur |
Akola |
| Vegetables |
1
2
3
4
5
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106
82
58
34
10
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112
88
64
40
16
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| Oil seed crops |
1
2
3
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68
44
20
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56
32
8
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| Cotton, Sorghum, Maize,
Bajra and other similar crops |
1
2
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45
21
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33
9
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| Publications
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| Contact
Information |
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Department of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering,
College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology,
Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth,
Krishi Nagar, Akola – 444 104 (M.S.)
Phone & Fax No. (0724) 2259404
(0724) 2258200-217 Extn- 1038
email: hdide@pdkv.ac.in |
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