About Project

All India Co-ordinated Research Project on Cropping Systems Research had its beginning at Akola (Maharashtra) in 1953 as “Soil Fertility and Fertilizer Use Project”. Later on renamed as “Model Agronomic Experiment Centre” from 1968 with full-fledged co-ordinated project. However, the programme was under the Deptt. of Agriculture Maharashtra state then the project was transferred Dr.PDKV, Akola from 20.10.1969 on its formation. It was further up-graded in 1983 to AICRP on Cropping Systems Research with a Project Directorate (ICAR) at Modipuram, Meerut.
During XI Plan PDCSR, Modipuram has again renamed this Project in march, 2009 as Project Directorate for Farming Systems Research (PDFSR) to undertake remodeled programme under Integrated Farming Systems Research mode operating through All India Co-ordinated Research for Farming Systems with 37 ‘on-station’ (25 main + 12 sub centers) and 32 ‘on-farm’ research centers in five ecosystems, i.e., arid, semi-arid, sub-humid, humid and coastal throughout the country to develop location specific system based technologies.

ICAR Institutes based centres

1. ICAR Research Complex Goa,
2. ICAR Research Complex Patna,
3. ICAR Research Complex Umiam,
4. ICAR Research Complex Port Blair,
5. PDCSR Modipuram, Meerut

On-Farm Research Centres

Agro Climatic Information

Vidarbha Region of Maharashtra
Vidarbha region of Maharashtra falls under A.E.Z. 6,10 and 12 with Akola, Buldana, Amravati, Yavatmal districts in A.E.Z. 6.3, Nagpur, Wardha in 10.2, Bhandara, Gondia in 10.4 and Chandrapur, Gadchiroli in 12.1. Vidarbha zone is located at a longitude of between, 75o57’ to 80o59’ E and latitude of between, 17o57’ to 21o46’ N. Akola district is located at longitude 77o02’ E and latitude 20o42’ N and at a altitude 312.7 m above MSL. Climate of the region is semi-arid to sub-humid with rainfall ranging from 700 mm in Western districts to more than 1250 mm in Eastern districts. Rains are received from June to September due to south-west monsoon. July and August are wet months. The rainy days range is 47 to 65. Few showers are also received in October. High temperatures are expected during summer with maximum temperature of 45o C in May while November to February is cold span with minimum temperature touching to 10o C in Dec./January. The region is divided into three Agroclimatic zones viz;

I.   Western Vidarbha Zone( Assured rainfall zone ): Rainfall 700 – 950 mm (Washim, Akola, Buldana and Amravati districts.)

II. Central Vidarbha Zone(Medium to heavy rainfall zone): Rainfall 950 – 1250 mm (Wardha, Nagpur, Yavatmal and part of Chandrapur district.)

III. Eastern Vidarbha Zone(High rainfall zone ) :Rainfall 1250 – 1700 mm (Bhandara, Gondia, Gadchiroli, part of Chandrapur district and Umred & Bhiwapur tahsils of Nagpur district.)

Infrastructure

The total area under this scheme is 3 ha at main centre, Akola with Irrigation potential of a tube well available in field.

Mandate

• To develop profitable and energy efficient cropping systems with special emphasis on oilseeds, pulses and fodder crops

• To develop integrated nutrient management supply and management systems with emphasis on locally available resources

• To improve fertilizer use efficiency in cropping systems through the use of efficient carriers, amendments and residual effects.

Research Activities / Achievements/ Recommendations

Important technologies generated as a result of on station experiments and experiments on cultivator’s field have been summarized as below (1984-85 to 2008-09)

Main centre Akola – On Station Research

1. Earlier recommended crop sequences i.e. sorghum-wheat-green gram was the best in respect of grain productivity and monetary returns on medium black soil under irrigation and adequate input conditions. Alternatively any one of the following sequences should be adopted for higher monetary returns (1985-86 to 1988-89).
   • Sorghum-mustard-groundnut,
   • Groundnut-wheat-maize (F) and
   • Sorghum- safflower-cowpea (F)
2. It is recommended that 30 kg P2O5/ha to both the crops should be supplied through Ammonium Polyphosphate in to sorghum-wheat crop sequence under irrigation for higher productivity (1985-86 to 1988-89).
3. Cotton-summer groundnut crop sequence has been recommended for getting higher monetary returns under irrigated and adequate input conditions (1989-90 to 1991-92).
4. Amongst the several cropping systems tried, chilli (green)-groundnut is recommended under irrigated condition (1992-93 to 1994-95).
5. Application of NPK 50% higher than the recommended dose along with, 15 tons FYM/ha to sorghum and recommended plant population should be maintained for maximum yield under continuous cropping of Sorghum-Wheat (1992-93 to 1995-96).
6. Under situation of irrigation water availability up to the month of March, sorghum-wheat and sorghum-chickpea crop sequences are recommended. In addition, soybean-wheat and sorghum-sunflower crop sequences are also recommended (1994-95 to 1996-97).
7. For sustainable productivity of cotton-summer groundnut cropping system, application of recommended dose of phosphorus was advisable to summer groundnut only. (1190-91 to 1994-95)
8. Considering monetary return, B:C ratio, productivity and sustainability it is recommended to grow sorghum – chickpea in the first year and maize- wheat or soybean – wheat or soybean – sunflower in the second year with recommended package of practices (199798 to 2002-03).
9. For more productivity, monetary benefit and economy in water use and improvement in soil fertility the sorghum-chickpea or soybean-chickpea sequences should adopted with recommended irrigations (2002-03 to 2004-05).
10. Considering productivity, monetary return, water use economy and improvement in soil fertility it is recommended to adopt soybean-rabi sorghum sequence with two to three irrigations at primordia initiation (30-35 DAS), flowering (70-75 DAS) and/or grain filling (85-95 DAS) stages to sorghum (2002-03 to 2004-05).
11. In maize – chickpea cropping system it is recommended to apply 3/4th recommended NPK through fertilizer, 1/4th recommended N through leucaena lopping (46.15 q/ha) + azotobacter application to maize and ½ recommended N, P dose to succeeding chickpea for higher productivity, monetary return and soil fertility build up (2003-04 to 2005-06).
12. In sorghum-chickpea crop sequence, application of FYM 5 t/ha coupled with 75% RDF (60:30:30 NPK kg /ha) and seed treatment with Azotobacter and PSB (each 250 g/ 10 kg of seed) to sorghum and 75% RDF (19:38:00 NPK kg /ha) with Rhizobium and PSB seed treatment (each 250 g/ 10 kg of seed) to chickpea is recommended for obtaining higher monetary returns, sustainable yield and soil fertility buildup under protective irrigations. (2008-09)

Sub- Centre, ECF – On Farm Research (Central Vidarbha Zone)

1. Under irrigated conditions, groundnut-wheat and hybrid sorghum- wheat crop sequences should be followed for higher gross monetary returns. (Nagpur, 1984-85 to 1986-87)
2. For maximum gross monetary returns, rice (Sakoli-6) in kharif and wheat (NI-5439) on residual moisture in rabi should be taken with recommended fertilizer dose in rice-wheat crop sequence as against the traditional monoculture practice of growing long duration variety of rice alone. (Nagpur, 1984-85 to 1986-87).
3. Green gram (TAP-7)-safflower (Bhima) crop sequence under improved practices with recommended fertilizer dose of 20:40:0 kg NPK/ha to green gram and 25:25:0 kg NPK/ha to safflower should be adopted under rainfed condition for higher yields than the farmers’ practice. (Yavatmal, 1993-94 to 1995-96)
4. Under rainfed condition, broad bed furrow (BBF) technology for groundnut in kharif and chickpea in rabi should be adopted for increasing the productivity in groundnut-chickpea crop sequence. (Yavatmal, 1993-94 to 1995-96)

Western Vidarbha zone, (WVZ)

1. Under limited irrigation availability up to the month of February, Maize-sunflower or sorghum-sunflower cropping systems be followed for higher monetary returns (Buldhana, 1997-98 to 1998-99).
2. In Sorghum-Wheat crop sequence 50% recommended dose of N should be applied through leucaena loppings (5t/ha) or FYM (10t/ha) + 50% NPK through inorganic fertilizer to sorghum and recommended dose through inorganic fertilizer to wheat for higher productivity, monetary return and nitrogen economy. This confirms the earlier recommendation of on station experiments (Buldhana, 1997-98 to 1998-99)

Transfer of Technologies

Double cropping (Kharif – Rabi)
Profitable Crop sequence under rainfed as well as limited irrigation.
(Soybean – Chickpea / Rabi Sorghum)

In Vidarbha region due to erratic behavior of rainfall availability of water is not adequate to sustain the crop. As a result irrigated cropping system in this region is neglected. The reason behind this mainly water shortage in the profile and non availability of sufficient irrigation water for the rabi crops. Therefore, it is felt necessary to design efficient cropping system so as to cater the needs and sustain under limited water condition at the same time soil fertility is one of the important aspects which needs the proper attention.
Soybean is emerging as a major Kharif crop and what will be the profitable option after harvest of soybean. Therefore, Soybean – Chickpea/Rabi Sorghum cropping system is the best option under available moisture or under limited irrigation for the region.
Considering productivity, monetary return, water use economy and improvement in soil fertility it is recommended to adopt Soybean – Chickpea and Soybean-rabi Sorghum sequence with two to three irrigations at primordia initiation (30-35 DAS), flowering (70-75 DAS) and / or grain filling (85-95 DAS) stages to sorghum.
Merits of Soybean – Chickpea / Rabi Sorghum cropping system

• Low cost management crop sequence
• Higher Productivity under rainfed condition.
• Higher net monetary returns.
• Maintain fertility of the soil by adding dry mater (Leaves).
• Create crop cover on surface of land and result in reduction of runoff and soil loss.
• Rabi sorghum
• Production of quality grains because of escape from grain mold.
• Meet food and fodder requirements.

Integrated Nutrient Management for sustainable soil health
INM in Sorghum-Wheat crop sequence

Progressive soil fertility depression will assume serious limitation in future for sustainable agriculture. Not only a part of the plant nutrient need can be met by organic manure, crop residue, green manuring and biofertilizers, but in many cases they may act synergistically with mineral fertilizers.
INM system is the key to get the best out of the both and assure sustained crop production. Considering the above facts study has been taken and given fallowing recommendations.
The long term experiment on integrated nutrient supply system is continue since 1984-85 at CSR, Unit. The object of the experiment is to develop suitable integrated nutrient supply system for cereal based crop sequence involving more efficient use of fertilizers in conjunction with a combination of organic manures for improving crop productivity without deteriorating the long-term soil fertility.
The results revealed that in permanent plot experiment on integrated nutrient supply system in sorghum-wheat cropping system recommended dose of NPK fertilizer could be reduced by 50% to kharif sorghum and substituting 50% N through FYM (10 t /ha) or leucaena loppings ( 9 t /ha) and in rabi 100 % recommended dose to wheat for sustainable and high yield of both the crops with remarkable improvement in soil fertility status.
Merits of INM in crop sequence.

• Reduce the quantity of chemical fertilizers ( up to 50%).
• Higher total productivity
• Improving quality of produce.
• Restoring fertility and productivity of the land that has been degraded
• Correction in inherent soil nutrient deficiencies.
• Environmental safety.

Crop rotation for sustainable soil health
Multiple cropping (Cereal – legume – oilseed)

In Vidarbha region 80-90% area is under kharif crops and on remaining area both kharif and rabi crops are cultivated and very few area is under summer crops cultivation. But looking towards the increasing population day by day and to fulfill the food requirement of the increasing population and fodder requirement for animals. It is necessary to cultivate more than one crop in a year.
The doubled cropping can be possible in rainfed condition of Vidarbha region by adopting appropriate agronomic techniques of moisture conservation. Now a days it is essential to take multiple cropping where there is a perennial source of irrigation.
For maintaining soil fertility and control the life cycle of pest, disease and weed. Crop rotation is essential
Considering the above requirement the experiment was conducted (1997 – 2003) with an objective to study the effect of rotation of crop sequences and changing proportions of cereals, legumes and oilseeds on crop productivity and soil fertility.
The results revealed that, considering the monetary returns, benefit cost ratio, comparable total grain productivity and maintenance of soil fertility, a two years crop rotation of sorghum –chickpea, in the first year and maize – wheat or soybean – wheat or soybean – sunflower in the second year should be grown with recommended package of practices.
Merits of Crop rotation.

• Diversification of crops helps in reducing financial loss due to unfavorable weather conditions.
• Overall increase in the yield due to addition of organic matter ultimately improve soil health.
• Incidence of pest, disease and weeds are reduced.
• Helps to prevent soil erosion.
• Meet various needs of the farmer.

Profitable crop sequences with fertilizer and irrigation management were recommended for the farmers of this region under rainfed as well as irrigated condition

Publications

Contact Information

Chief Agronomist
All India Co-ordinated Research Project on
Integrated Farming Systems Research,
Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth
Akola -444104 (Maharashtra)
Phone : (91) – (0724) 2258200 – 2258217 (1058) PBX
E-mail- cacsr@pdkv.ac.in

		About Project
		Infrastructure
		Mandate
		Objectives
		Scientists
		Projects operating at station
		Transfer of Technologies
		Contact Information

About Project

All India Co-ordinated Research Project on Agroforestry (AICRP on Agroforestry) is one of the co-ordinating centre of ICAR. The implementation of this project at College of Agriculture, Nagpur under Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola (M.S.) started in February1991. The project was sanctioned on 75:25 basis to be shared by ICAR and State Government respectively. The project was initiated with the objectives of popularization of Agroforestry in the region. The futala developmental unit have been merged in AICRP on agroforestry and the reorganized unit is renamed as Agroforestry Research Farm, College of Agriculture, Nagpur.

Infrastructure

Land available and area under different Trees and Fruit Crops

Mandate

• Diagnostic Survey and appraisal of existing farming systems and Agroforestry practices.

• Research related to basic and applied aspects including development of appropriate methodologies for Agroforestry Systems.

• To develop various Agroforestry systems.

Objectives

• Collection, screening and selection of promising germplasm indigenous as well as exotic species from different ecological regions.

• Developing different Agri-silvicultural, Agri- horticultural and Silvipastoral technique acceptable to local population.

• Developing sequential systems of inter cropping.

• Evolving the economics of different Agroforestry systems and establishing it’s co-relation with management Viz. conservation,development and utilization.

Projects Operating at Station

1. Performance and evaluation ofdifferent MPTS under Agri-Silviculture.
2. Studies on integrated nutrient management of Teak.
3. Compatibility studies of different trees and crops.
4. Preparation of vermicompost using biomass from Teak based Agroforestry system.
5. Studies on organic manuring in Jatropha curcas.
6. Effect of pruning on Jatropha curcas
7. Field evaluation trial of teak
8. Studies on irrigation requirement of Teak
9. Effect of contour trenching on in-situ water conservation and growth of crops in hortipastoral system.
10. To study the effect of conservation practices and felling intensity on production of Bamboo.
11. Standardization of vegetative Propogation Techniques in Bamboo(D.strictus)
12. Evaluation of crops for intercropping in bamboo based Agri-silviculture system.
13. Standardization of technique for developingtall seedling of teak
14. Development of quality planting material of Bamboo (D.strictus)

Research Activities / Achievements/ Recommendations

Recommendation–
Application of fifty kg nitrogen/ha is recommended for maximum production of bamboo.

Transfer of Technologies

Progressive cultivators from the villages have been adopted for agroforestry system

Contact Information

Sr. Scientist & Officer in Charge
AICRP on Agroforestry
College of Agriculture, Nagpur

		About Project
		Faculty Information
		Agroclimatic Information
		Infrastructure Facilities
		Mandate
		Research Activities and Achievements
		Publications
		Transfer of Technology
		Research Recommendations
		Contact Information

About Project

Nagarjun Medicinal Plants Garden has been established in the university during 1976 on 8.00 hectares land. At present garden possesses more than 340 Medicinal plant species, which have been registered under IC numberswith NBPGR, New Delhi. The research work on commercial viable medicinal plant species was also under taken to develop the agro technologies and uptill now 30 recommendations have been released on Periwinkle, Babchi, Khasikateri, Muskdana, Safed musli, Kalmegh, Ashwagandha, Palmarosa, Lemongrass and Isabgol.
The project All India Networking Research project (Formerly AICRP) on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants has been functioning in the University from January 1997. Since its inception the research works on Periwinkle, Khasikateri, Babchi, Safed Musli, Ashwagandha, Muskdana, Kalmegh, Isabgol has been carried out under the technical research programme on crop improvement, crop production and phyto chemistry.

Agro Climatic Information

Location : National Highway No. 6 on Akola- Nagpur Road
( 5 kms from Akola Railway Station).
Latitude : 22041.642’ N
Longitude : 7700.1722’ E
Altitude : 307.42 m
Soil Type : Light – Medium black (Inceptisol / Vertisol)
Climate : Sub-tropical
Temperature : 29.0 – 42.70C (Maximum)
10.3- 27.60C (Minimum)
Rainfall (annual) : 824 mm
Total collection : > 400 Medicinal & Aromatic Plants*
• Including seasonal.

Infrastructure Facilities

Mandate

Development of Agro technologies of commercial viable medicinal and aromatic plants
At present the mandate crops are

1. Safed musli (Chlorophytum borivilianum)
2. Kalmegh (Andrographis paniculata)
3. Shatavar (Asaragus racemosus)
4. Kawach Beej (Mucuna pruriata)
5. Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera)

Research Activities and Achievements

The research works has been carried out under the technical research programme on crop improvement, crop production and phyto chemistry. The research work on commercial viable medicinal plant species was also under taken to develop the agro technologies and uptill now 30 recommendations have been released on Periwinkle, Babchi, Khasikateri, Muskdana, Safed musli, Kalmegh, Ashwagandha, Palmarosa, Lemongrass and Isabgol.

Research Recommendations

Research Recommendations accepted by Research finding committee/Joint Agresco

Contact Information

Officer in Charge
AINRP on Medicinal &Aromatic Plants
Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth
Akola -444104 (Maharashtra)
Phone : (91) – (0724) 2258711
Fax : (91) – (0724) 2258419

		About Project
		Faculty Information
		Agroclimatic Information
		Infrastructure Facilities
		Mandate
		Research Activities and Achievements
		Research Recommendations
		Transfer of Technology
		Contact Information

About Project

Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) started All India Coordinated Research project for Tropical fruits on Citrus under Five year plant vide letter No. 29.1.1974. BMC dated 30.7.75 and started functioning from November; 1975.The unique feature of this project was its reliance on multidisciplinary research approach in identifying constraints and providing viable solutions citrus growing area of Vidarbha region. The project presently has Cooperative centers, Akola center is one of them.

Agro Climatic Information

Infrastructure Facilities

The citrus plantation of Nagpur mandarin and Acid lime was raised on twelve hectare area at Central Research Station, Dr. PDKV, Akola started from 1978. About 2000 plants of Nagpur mandarin were planted in 1978-79 and 500 plants in 1988 including different varieties of mandarin. Acid lime plantation of 200 plants was undertaken in 1978-79 and a plantation of acid lime varieties was done from 1987 having 1000 plants of different varieties.

During the last five years i.e. form 2004 to 2009; different trials on horticultural, entomological and pathological aspects have been carried out as per the technical programme finalized during the biennial group discussion meetings in the last five years.

Mandate

1. To find out causal agents for citrus decline

2. To screen different root stocks for resistance against pest and disease

3. To study viral, fungal pests and nutritional complex.

4. To formulate effective control measures against the factors responsible for citrus die-back

5. To demonstrate package of practices though pilot projects.

6. To prepare virus free planting material.

7. To study the variatal performance of Nagpur mandarin and Acid lime

8. Improvement in Nagpur mandarin and Acid lime by selection

9. Evaluation of root stocks for Nagpur mandarin

10. To study the production technology aspects like spacing, nutrition, irrigation, regulation of flowering and weed control etc.

11. To study the seasonal incidence of various pest and diseases on citrus

Research Activities and Achievements

Varieties released

Orange :

1. Nagpur mandarin
2. Nagpur seedless

Acid Lime:  1. PDKV lime

Research Recommendations

Horticulture

• Kinnow mandarin proved to be better introspecting of growth and yield, through the yield level were low. Ambia crop was more predominant than Mrig crop. Aug-Sept. fruit drop was found to be more severe.
• Taking sun hemp as green manuring crop in kharif season is advantageous. Cowpea as a Rabi intercrop, recorded a profit of Rs. 1020/- per ha, whereas gram has given Rs. 457/- per ha.
• Mulching in Nagpur santra orchard with wheat/paddy straw about 5 cm. Thick layer was found to conserve about 17.6% more moisture in upper 22cm. Layer of soil mulching with leaves however conserved 12.14% soil moisture.
• Application of grammoxone @ 1.5 lit/ha followed by application of Diuron @ 1.0kg/ha after 20 days was found to be effective in controlling weeds in Nagpur mandarin orchards.
• Maximum fruit yield (696fruit/tree) was obtained from the trees receiving 30 kg FYM: 1000g N: 500 g P and 0 g K + Borocol 250 g/tree in Borocol trial.
• In Nagpur mandarin significantly maximum yield ( Number and weight of fruit) was obtain from the trees receiving 800g N+300 g P+ 600gK + 7.5 kg Neem cake
• Marmalade orange and rough lemon rootstocks are recommended for Kinnow mandarin, as the trees on these rootstocks produced significantly more yield.
• For maximum production of Acid lime fruit Sweet lime rootstock is recommended.
• Soil application of 200 g Znso4 per trees is recommended for Nagpur mandarin as it gave maximum yield ( Numbers and weight of fruits)
• It is recommended that, the Nagpur mandarin trees growing on medium type of soil (one meter depth) are to be irrigated at 40 per cent soil moisture depletion (coinciding with 60 mm CPE) for getting more yield of quality fruits.
• Drip method of irrigation (on the basis of CPE) is recommended to Nagpur mandarin trees as the trees on drip method of irrigation produced significantly maximum yield of bigger sized fruits with m9re juice and TSS content and ensured 30 per cent saving of irrigation water over traditional irrigation method.
• Application of three sprays of Gramoxone 1.8 L/ha + 0.2% Urea at an interval of one month is recommended for controlling the monocot and dicot weeds in Nagpur orchard.
• It is recommended that, 50 days soil moisture stress is sufficient for Nagpur mandarin trees grown on medium type of soil for obtaining maximum yield of Mrig bahar
• For regulation of hasta bahar flowering in Acid lime for obtaining mac9mum yield of hasta bahar fruits of acid lime, 30 days soil moisture stress (from 15th September to 15th October)with 50 ppm Ascorbic acid spray ( at the time of release of stress) or 30 days sol moisture stress with de blossoming in preceding season and 10 ppm GA spray ( at the time of release of stress) in medium type of soil is recommended
• Application of 1200 g N + 400 g p2o5 400 g K2o for fully grown up Nagpur mandarin tree per year is recommended for obtaining maximum fruit yield of superior quality. The fertilizer should be applied in two split up doses, i.e. 600 g N +400 g P2o5 + 400 g K2o at the time of release of water stress before flowering and remaining half dose of N should be applied two month after fruit setting.
• Application of 600 g N + 600 g P2o5 + 300 g k2o + 7.5 kg Neem cake per tree per year is recommended to Acid lime trees for obtaining maximum fruit yield at superior quality. The fertilizer should be applied in two split up doses, i.e. 300 g N + 30 g p2o5 + 300 g K2o + 7.5 kg Neem cake before flowering and remaining half dose of N should be applied two month after fruit setting.
• In decline Nagpur mandarin orchard, medium type of pruning consisting removed of terminal shoots up to 45 cm in the month of June is recommended for rejuvenation and maximum yield of superior quality of fruits. Immediately after pruning a recommended dose of fertilizer and spraying of fungicide and insecticide should applied.
• For Nagpur mandarin plantation 6 x 6 m spacing is recommended in Vidarbha region which is suitable for higher yield with superior quality fruit production.
• In old declining Acid lime orchard medium type of pruning in first week of June (removal of terminal shoots up to 45 cm) is recommended for maximum yield of superior quality.
• One spray of Cycocel 1000 ppm is recommended for induction of flowering at the time of starting of water stress to Nagpur mandarin in Mrig bahar.
• Green gram or Onion seed production is recommended as inter crop in Acid lime orchard.
• The spraying of GA3 20 ppm or Thiourea 0.1 % four times at monthly interval starting from 45 days after transplanting of Rough lemon rootstock seedlings which were stunted and not up to mark for scion budding in Nagpur mandarin was found effective for vigorous growth of rootstock and scion.
• It is recommended that, the inter-cropping of cotton should not be taken up in pre bearing mandarin orchard.
• A spraying of glycel 41 % SL @ 1.00 % + 2.00 % urea (10 ml glycel + 20 g urea per litre of water) was recommended at 25 days after germination of weeds in rainy season for effective weed control in Nagpur mandarin.
• The spraying of GA3 25 ppm or urea 1% on Rangpur lime seedlings four times at monthly interval starting from 45 days after transplanting was recommended for obtaining the seedling of better vegetative growth and more percentage of seedlings of buddable size.
• Seventy per cent agro-net is recommended for covering the bud grafts of Nagpur mandarin budded on Jamberi/Rangpur lime rootstock for getting the higher vegetative growth and reducing the mortality of bud grafts. This net should be covered on budding immediately after budding in February till the onset of rain in nursery.
• The Nagpur mandarin orchard in black cotton soil, where the stress is insufficient due to pre-monsoon rains, the spray of 3000 ppm Cultar in stress condition in the first fortnight of May is recommended for assured flowering, fruit setting and yield of fruits.
• Application of 450 N + 225 K2o through drip & 300 g P (SSP) through soil application per tree per year is recommended to Acid lime trees for obtaining maximum yield of superior quality fruit
• Application of 900 gm N, 300 gm P, 30 g K, 50 kg FYM+ 20 gm PSB is recommended for obtaining superior quality fruit of Nagpur mandarin fruit.
• For saving irrigation water instate of Basin system application of 53.41 lit. water in winter & 101.72 lit water in summer per tree per irrigation through sprinkler is recommended for Nagpur mandarin.
• For obtaining maximum quality yield of Nagpur mandarin application of 800 g N + 300 g P + 600g K with 7.5 kg neem cake per tree in to two splits is recommended to Nagpur mandarin tree. 400 g N + 300 g P + 600 g k was 7.5 kg Neem cake is applied at the time of vetecte of stress and vomaring 400 kg and after two month of fruit set.
• Application of 1200 g N + 400 g P2O5 + 400 g K2O for fulley grown up Nagpur mandarin tree per tree is recommended for obtaining maximum trait yield of superior quality the fertilizer should be applied in the split up doses i.e. 600 g N + 400 g P2O5 + 400 g K2O at the time of relate of water stress before flowering and remaining half dose of N should be applied two months after fruit setting.
• Application of 600 g N + 300 g P2O5 + 300g K2O + 7.5 kg neem cake/tree / hear is recommended to Acid lime trees for obtaining maximum fruit yield of superior quality. The fertilizer should be applied in two split up doses i.e. 300 g N + 300 g P2O5 + 300 g K2O + 7.5 kg Neem cake before flowering and remaining half dose of N should be applied two month after fruit setting.
• In declining Nagpur mandarin orchard medianum type of pruning consisting removal of feninal shoots upto 45 cm in the month of June is recommended for rejuvenation and maximum yield of superior quality of fruits. Immetiatngs after pruning a recommended close of fertilizer and spraying fo fungicide and insecticide should applied.
• Based on the varietal performance, among mandarin varieties, Nagpur mandarin is recommended for cultivation in Vidarbha region due to it higher yield of superior quality fruit production.
• PDKV lime is recommended for release of variety due to its higher yield and superior quality fruit production.
• 6 x 6 m spacing is recommended for Nagpur mandarin plantation in Vidarbha region which is suitable for higher yield with superior quality fruit production
• In old Acid lime orchard medium type of pruning removal of terminal shoots up to 45 cm. Is recommended for maximum yield of superior quality.

Plant Protection

• First spray of monocrotophos 0.025% + Neem oil 1.00% followed by second spray of Neem oil 1.25% on each flush are recommended for control of citrus black fly.
• For control of Phytophthora root rot in nursery use of Rough lemon (Akola) (Jamberi) and Rangpur lime (Akola) rootstocks are recommended.
• Pruning followed by first spray of Copper oxychloride 0.3%followed by 4 sprays of Streptocycline 100 ppm + Copper oxychloride 0.3% are recommended for reducing Acid lime canker infection on leaves.
• From the studies conducted as Regional Fruit Research Station, Katol for three years on comparative efficacy of different insecticides for the control of citrus psylla, the following are recommended,
  i. Fenvalerate 0.01% or ii. Permethrin 0.01% or
  iii Methyldemeton 0.04% or iv Methamedophos 0.05% or
  v. Fenthin 0.05% or vi Formothion 0.04% or
  vii Vamidothion 0.05% or viii Quinolphos 0.04% or
  ix Phosalone 0.05%
• The efficacy of different fungicides alone and in combination with insecticides to control sooty mould on citrus, it was recommended that diamethoate 0.1% alone may be used for effective control of the mould development without addition of fungicides.
• Morocide 0.02% or wettable sulphur 0.5% were recommended against, control of mites.
• The newly tested insecticides i.e. Phosalone 0.025%, Quinolphos 0.025%, Acephate 0.05% and Mecarban 0.05% were found effective against first instar nymphal stage.
• For the control of early nymphal population of citrus black fly, Azadirachtin 1500 ppm after fifty percent hatching of eggs and second spray 15 days thereafter is recommended.
• For the management of nymphal population of citrus black fly, two releases of 4 to 6 eggs of Mallada boninensis /shoot during hasta bahar is recommended.
• For the control of citrus leaf eating caterpillar, spray of Fenvalerate 0.01% or Acephate 0.05% or Quinolphos 0.05% or Monocrotophos 0.04% after the incidence of the pest was recommended.
• For control of bark eating caterpillar on citrus, spot application of DDVP 0.05% on the affected trees or application of petrol swab in larval holes are recommended during the month of October-November.
• Drenching of Ridomil MZ-72 @ 0.2% during August, December and June coupled with spraying of copper oxychloride @ 0.3% during October and April after transplanting of Jamberi seedlings is recommended to control the mortality of Jamberi seedlings before and after budding.
• For control of citrus diseases and annual weeds soil solarization for 45 days during September to November, using clear transparent polythene sheet was recommended. Seeds treatment with Thirum + Captan 3 g per Kg of seed (1:1)
• For control of Jamberi seedling mortality in secondary nursery, soil solarization for 45 days during May and June with drenching of Metalaxyl MZ 0.2% during August, December and June and spraying of Metalaxyl MZ 0.2% during October, February and April is recommended.
• Application of Metalaxyl MZ 50 g per litre or Alliete 50 g per litre stem pasting at initiation of disease and second after 30 days from initiation of the disease for effective management of gummosis of Nagpur mandarin is recommended.
• Neem oil 1% may be recommended for the control of black fly nymphs on citrus. Teepol or detergent washing powder should be used as emulsifier for preparing spray liquid of Neem oil (1:10)
• Mean survival rate of the generation of black fly in terms of reproduction females responsible for causing further infestation were worked out for different seasons. It was found to be maximum during hasta flush brood(9.37%) following by Ambia flush brood (6.16%) and least during Mrig brood flush (5.67%)
• The maximum reductions of black fly nymphs in all the three Neem products, Neem seed extract 5%, Neem leaves extract 5% Neem oil 1% indicated their effectiveness in controlling black fly nymph. Among these products, Neem oil 1% (emulsified ) was superior followed by Neem seed kernel extract 5% and Neem leaves extract 5.0%
• For management of citrus leaf minor it is recommended to spray Malathion 0.07% or Neem oil 1% at the time of initiation of the pest incidence.
• For control of citrus leaf eating caterpillar spraying of Fenvalerate 0.01% or Monocrotophos 0.04% or Acephate 0.05% is recommended.
• For control of citrus black fly in the 1st and 2nd nymphal stage, spraying of Acephate 0.05% is recommended.
• For the control of fruit sucking moth spraying of Neem seed extract 5 % or fish oil rosin soap 2% or Karanj oil 1% or Azadirachtin 1500ppm or Neem oil 1% are recommended.
• For control of citrus blackfly in the 1st/ 2nd nymphal stage, spraying of Acephate 0.05%, or Endosulphon 0.05% or Karanj oil 1.0% are recommended in addition to earlier recommendation. For emulsification of Karanj oil in water Teepol or detergent powder should be used n ratio of (1:10)
• For the effective management of citrus bark eating caterpillar spot application of the solution of DDVP 76 EC @ 0.05% (7 ml10 liters of water) in the bore made by the caterpillar and closing it with mud is recommended.
• For reduction of Nagpur mandarin Ambia bahar fungal fruit drop, three sprays of copper oxychloride 0.3% or Carbendazim 0.1% at monthly interval stating from July are recommended.
• For control of citrus leaf eating caterpillar spraying of fenvalerate 0.01% or monocrotophos 0.04% or acephate 0.05% is recommended.
• For the management of citrus leaf miner it is recommended to spray malathion 0.07% or Achook 1.0% or Neem oil 1.0% immediately after initiation of pest.
• Citrus pest calender are prepared for the management of citrus pest occurring throughout the year.
• For the effective management of citrus fruit sucking moth the spraying of neem seed extract 5% or neem oil 1% or Acadiracthtin. 1500 ppm (2 ml/lit) is recommended
• For the effective management of citrus bark eating caterpillar spot application of the emulsion of DDVP 76 EC @ 0.05% (7 ml/10 lit. of water ) in the bore made by the caterpillar and closing it with mud is recommended.
• A details study on the seasonal incidence of citrus black fly was undertaken in Katol area which clearly showed that more than 50% eggs was hatched in first fort night of April, in the second fortnight of July and in the first fortnight of December corresponding to Ambia, Mrig and Hasta bahar. The most vulnerable stage was early nymphal population after hatching within a period of 2-3 weeks for appropriate and effective control measures
• For the control of early nymphal population of citrus black fly, Azadirachtin 1500 ppm after fifty percent hatching of eggs and second spray 15 days thereafter is recommended.
• For the management of nymphal population of citrus black fly, two releases of 4 to 6 eggs of Mallada boninensis /shoot during hasta bahar is recommended.

Diseases Management

• Pruning followed by first spray of copper oxychloride 0.3% followed by four sprays of streptocycline 100 ppm + copper oxychloride 0.3% at an monthly interval starting from July, August, September and February are recommended for reducing acid lime canker infection.
• For control of Phytophthora root rot in nursery use of Rough lemon (Akola) and Rangpur lime (Akola) root stock are recommended.
• For control of citrus diseases and annual weeds in nursery, soil solarization for 45 days during September to November using clear transparent polythene sheet was recommended. In such seedbed, seed should treated with thiram+ captan 3gm / kg of seed (1:1)
• For control of rootstock seedling mortality in secondary nursery, soil solarization for 45 days during May and June with drenching of Metalaxyl MZ 0.2 % during August, December and June and spraying of Metalaxyl MZ 0.2% during October, February and April is recommended.
• Pasting of Metalaxyl MZ 50g or Alliete 50g per liter of water at initiation of disease and second after 30 days is recommended for effective management gummosis in Nagpur Mandarin
• For reduction of Nagpur Mandarin Ambia bahar fungal fruit drop, three spray of copper oxychloride 0.3 per cent or carbendazim 0.1 per cent at monthly interval starting from July are recommended.
• In greenhouse study the bioagent Pseudomonas fluorescens was found more effective than Trichoderma viride against Phytophthora root rot
• The aqueous extract of tagetis leaves and culture filtrate of Aspergillus niger were found effective against citrus canker bacteria.
• The CTV infection was found more in sweet orange than Nagpur mandarin. Samples indexed from 1997 to 2006 indicates that 22.18% and 1.23% sample showed CTV infection in sweet orange than Nagpur mandarin respectively.
• In survey, new diseases like sudden gumming followed by splitting of bark and drying of acid lime branches was noticed at some locations.
• Blackening of inner portion of Nagpur mandarin fruits was observed in some orchards during survey.
  

Transfer of Technology

Management of Phytophthora Root Rot Infected Plants in Citrus

Recommendations

• Removal of all fruits from infected plants
• Pruning of dried branches along with 5 cm healthy portion of branches.
• Pruning of shoots 30-45 cm from top.
• Spraying of 0.1% carbendazim on pruned plants, 4 to 5 lit. Solution should be applied per plant.
• Exposure of active root zone and pruning of rotten roots.
• Exposure of active root zone to sunlight for 3-4 days.
• Drenching 0.2% Metalaxyl MZ in the active root zone (10-20 lit solution/ plant depending upon age of the plants)
• Prepare the mixture of well rotten FYM 50 kg + 7.5 kg neem cake + 1 kg of ammonium sulphate + 1 kg single super phosphate + ½ kg murate of potash and keep this mixture 5-6 days and then apply in the active root zone and cover with soil and give the light irrigation.
• One month after fertilization, spraying and drenching of 0.6% Bordeaux mixture.
• Application of Bordeaux paste (1:1:10) or Metalaxyl MZ or Fosetyl –AL 50 gm / lit of water on tree trunk twice in year i.e. pre and post monsoon.
• Create the drainage channel in between two rows having the dimension 60 cm width and 30 cm deep for removal of excess water

Fhasta Bahar Management in Acid Lime

Recommendations

• Mrig bahar’s fruit should be thinned.
• Water stress should be given during 15 September to 15 October
• If rains during stress period, Application of 50 ppm ascorbic acid
• Application of 1000 ppm Cycocil in August and September.
• After stress period application 300 g N,300 g P and 300 g K
• Remaining 300g N after 15 November
• Light irrigation after breaking stress period
• Application of Neem cake 7.5 kg/plant
  

Contact Information

Sr. Horticulturist
All India Coordinated Research Project (Tropical Fruits) on Citrus
Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth
Akola -444104 (Maharashtra)
Phone : (91) – (0724) 2258200 Ext – 1049

		About Project
		Faculty Information
		Agroclimatic Information
		Infrastructure Facilities
		Mandate
		Research Activities and Achievements
		Research Recommendations
		Transfer of Technology
		Publications
		Contact Information

About Project

The center was started research on soybean voluntarily from 2001 under AICRP and upgraded as Sub-center in 2002 and started multidisciplinary research work on soybean. Further in 2009 Directorate Soybean Research (ICAR), Khandawa Road, Indore (MP) upgraded as a Main Soybean Research Center (AICRP). Now this center is one of the Main Soybean Research Center among the eight main center of the country.

Agro Climatic Information

Amravati is located between 21o46′ North to 20o 32′ to North and 78o 27′ East to 76o 37′, at an altitude of 365 meters above the mean sea level. It comes under Assured Rainfall Zone. Rains are mostly received from South-West monsoon during June to October with mean annual precipitation 851.40 mm of which is generally received in avg. 42 rainy days. Amravati faces extreme variations in temperature with very hot summer and very cold winters.

Infrastructure Facilities

This center having laboratory facility to carry out experimental aspect. This include, Hot air oven, Autoclave, Rapid Plant Stress Screening Device, Germinator, Canopy Analyzer, Image Analyzer with Microscope Set up, Auto Kjeldhal System, Deep freezer, Glassware’s, Chemicals etc. To conduct in vitro experiment one Polyhouse and one net house is available.

Mandate

AICRP on soybean involved multi-displinary research includes Soybean Breeding, Soybean Entomology, Soybean Pathology and Soybean Agronomy. Principal mandate of this project is to develop soybean varieties with high yielding, wider adoptable and suitable for existing cropping system. Development of soybean production technology is also a part of mandatory research of this unit. Transfer of improved technology on soybean to the cultivators of Vidarbha is one of the mandatory works

Research Activities and Achievements

AICRP involved in conducting the front line demonstration, adaptive trials through KVK’s on farmers field and experimental trials viz. PYT, MVT, IVT and AVT , Selection, Hybridization, Mutation and germplasm maintenance etc.

Soyabean Breeding Programme

1. Hybridization and selection in segregating generation.
2. Collection, evaluation and maintenance of soybean germplasm.
3. Screening and selection of promising genotype.
4. Generation advancement studies F1,F2,F3, F4, F5 and F6
5. Mutation breeding and selection of desirable mutant lines

Soyabean Pathology and Microbiology

1. Trap nursery, survey and surveillance for soybean disease in Vidarbha
2. Screening of soybean breeding material against major and minor diseases of soybean
3. Disease management and microbiological experiments.

Soyabean Entomology

1. Study the seasonal incidence of major insect pests of soybean.
2. Screening of breeding material for their recognition against major insect pests of soybean.
3. Development of Integrated Pest Management technology.

Soyabean Agronomy

1. Agronomic requirement of newly released and pre-released soybean genotypes in relation to their seed rate, plant densities and nutrient level.
2. Optimization of nutritional and irrigation schedule for newly released varieties.
3. Integrated Nutrient Management and soybean based cropping system.

Achievements

1. This centre has released two soybean varieties viz., TAMS-38 and TAMS-98-21.
2. In 2009 ,this center affirmed as Main Center for Soybean research by All India Coordinated Research Project on Soybean, DSR( ICAR, New, Delhi), Indore(MP)
3. Successfully completed the three years project entitled “Genetic improvement of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) for resistance to moisture stress, root rot and collar rot through induced mutation” in collaboration with BARC, Trombay, Mumbai.
4. The center has awarded by 3rd prize in AGROTECH-2009 and 2nd prize in Krishi Melawa 2010 held at Gondia and Amravati respectively.
5. The center is major contributed to develop production technology of soybean.

Research Recommendations

This centre has released two soybean varieties viz., TAMS-38 and TAMS-98-21. The update information of these varieties is as follows:

1. TAMS-38

Soybean variety TAMS-38 released in 2003 and Notified by central seed committee, ICAR, New Delhi in 2005. It registered and conserved in NBPGR in the name of IC-295927. The variety TAMS-38 (Monetta x PK-472) is early, with determinate growth habit which gave 15-20% more yield in multilocation varietal trials over JS-335. It is tolerant to multiple pest and disease and delayed pod shattering habit. DNA finger printing of this variety is completed.

2. TAMS-98-21

TAMS-98-21 released in 2005. It registered and conserved in NBPGR in the name of IC-415096. The variety TAMS-98-21 is a mutant of JS-80-21 which gave 21% more yield in multilocation varietal trials over JS-335, with high oil quality (PUFA) (59.1% i.e. Lnoleic (52.6%) + Linolenic acid (6.5%) than JS-335 (PUFA 55% i.e. Linoleic (48.8%) + Linolenic acid (6.2%).It is tolerant to multiple pest and disease and delayed pod shattering habit.

Special activities and outstanding work done by center

1. Pre Release Proposals of AMS 99-33 Soybean Variety submitted to Research Review Committee, Dr.PDKV, Akola
2. List of Promising Genotypes
   AMS-353, AMS 99-33, AMS-MB-5-19, AMS-MB-5-29, AMS-MB-5-31, AMS-4-4, AMS-243, AMS-4-63, AMS- 323, AMS-MB-5-18
3. Studies on screening of soybean genotypes on root length and high density of root moss. Mutant line has been selected having 27 cm primary root length in M-6 generation
4. Morphological Distinct germaplasm developed by mutation breeding
5. Shri S. K. Dhapke, Soybean Breeder participate and presented two research papers in World Soybean Research Conference VIII held at Bejing, China during 10th -15th August 2009.

Transfer of Technology

The following production technology packages are recommended to be followed to get the expected yield of the soybean crop.

1. Due to uncertainty of rainfall and large gaps in rainfalls during the growing period of soybean up to 30 to 40 % yield loss was occurred. For that farmers should follow the water conservation techniques as recommended by university and protective irrigation at flowering and pod filling stage.
2. Medium to heavy soil with good drainage quality having the pH 6.5 to 7.5 should be selected. In ill drain soils, gypsum 5 q/ha should be mixed in the soil at preparatory tillage.
3. Crop rotation should be followed.
4. Well decomposed FYM or Compost/ vermicompost @ 5 ton per hectare should be applied to the soil.
5. Selection of improved and high yielding varieties.
6. Use of genetically and physically pure seed for sowing.
7. As soybean crop is sensitive to germination percentage farmers must test the germination percentage of seed before sowing. The seed having germination percentage less than 70% should not use for sowing purpose.
8. Proper spacing, either 30 x 8 cm (light soil) or 45 x 5 cm (medium to black soil) and optimum seed rate (75 kg/ha.) should be followed to have the optimum plant population of about 4 to 4.5 lakhs/hector.
9. Seed treatment @ 3g Thiram or 2gm Thiram + 1gm Carbendezim /kg seed and Trichoderma viridi @ 4g / kg of seed should be done before sowing.
10. The biofertilizers Rhizobium japonicum and phosphate solubilizing bacteria 25 gm / kg seed each should be used for treating the seed before sowing.

Publications 

Published so many news articles regarding awareness of low cost production technology includes pest and disease management, soybean seed production techniques and improved cultivation practices of soybean.

Contact Information

Head
Regional Research Center
Morshi Road, Amravati -444603 (MS)
Phone No. (0721) 2663076
E-mail : rrc_amt@rediffmail.co

		About Project
		Objectives
		Research Activities and Achievements
		Recommendations
		Scientists
		Contact Information

About Project

All India Coordinated Research Project on safflower is functioning at Dr. PDKV, Akola from the year 2001 and since then region specific research on safflower got impetus. Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.), commonly known as Kardi is one of the important rabi oilseed crops of the state. Despite of increase in the productivity of this crop and its inherent hardy and drought tolerant nature and quality oil, it is observed that there is decline in area.

Objectives

Breeding Objectives

• To develop high yielding variety with high seed oil content (35-38%).
• To develop high yielding early maturing variety (<120 days) for medium texture soil.
• To incorporate aphid tolerance in agronomically acceptable genotypes.
• To develop variety tolerant to Alternaria leaf blight, wilt and root rot.

Objective for Agronomy

• To assess the response of new safflower entries to the chemical fertilizer
• To study the optimum spacing required for new safflower entries
• To enhance the productivity of safflower, to integrate different sources of plant nutrients for safflower based cropping system, to economize inorganic fertilizer use and to sustain productivity.

Research Activities / Achievements

Crop Improvement: Release of varieties/Hybrids:

AKS 207		PKV PINK		PKV PINK FLOWER

Recommendations

Recommendations passed on to the extension agencies

A. Crop Production

1. Optimum sowing time for safflower under rainfed is last week of September to first week of October for higher yields and minimising attack of aphids. Under irrigated condition, sowing can be extended upto last week of October.
2. A spacing at 45 x 20 cm to 30 cm with plant population ranging from seventy five thousand to one lakh gives higher yields in safflower.
3. For higher yield of irrigated safflower 40 kg N+40kg P2O5/ha is recommended. 50% N and 100% P2O5 at the time of sowing and remaining 50% N after 30 days of the sowing have to be given.
4. Three to five irrigations should be given to safflower in medium to lighter type of soils for higher yields.
5. Safflower should be irrigated twice i.e. at 35 and 55 days after sowing in medium to heavy soils for higher yields. If only one irrigation is available, it should be given at 55 days after sowing.
6. Intercropping of safflower with gram or linseed in 6:3 or 3:3 row proportion (30cm) and two rows of safflower paired (30/60 cm) plus one row of gram or linseed is profitable.
7. In favourable conditions, application of fertilizer @ 25:25:0 NPK kg/ha is recommended.
8. To save 25% P2O5 (18.75kg/ P2O5/ha) it is recommended to treat seed with PSB @ 200 g/10kg seed.
9. For getting higher seed yield and monetory return seed of safflower should be treated with Azotobactor and Azospirilum 20 g/kg seed along with 12.5 kg N/ha are recommended.
10. In Vidarbha region of Maharashtra, application of cycocel @ 500 ppm either at flower initiation or at 50% flowering could increase the seed yield of safflower by 15 % under moisture stress conditions.
11. In Vidarbha region of Maharashtra , apply 30 kg S/ha through single super phosphate to increase seed yield and returns of safflower under rainfed conditions.

12. In Vertisols (Deep black soil), for maximum yield and highest monitory return in irrigated condition, sowing of safflower during 40th MW (1st week of October) or as late as 44th MW (1st week of November) is recommended. Also, two irrigations, first during vegetative stage (30 DAS) and second at grain development stage (80 DAS) is recommended.

B. Plant Protection (Plant Pathology)

1. For controlling Alternaria Leaf Spot, seed treatment with Thirum or Captan 3g/kg seed is rcommended and in field condition spraying with Dithane M-45, 25g in 10 litre of water is recommended.
2. For controlling root rot and wilt, seed treatment with thirum or captan @ 3g/kg seed alongwith seed treatment of biological fungicide Tricoderma 4g/kg seed is recommended.

C. Plant Protection (Entomology)

1. Early sowing (i.e. during 25th September to 10th October) of safflower is recommended to escape from aphid infestation.
2. It is recommended to adopt plant protection measures against safflower aphid when economic threshold level of aphid colonies on 30% plants is reached.
3.  For management of safflower aphids spraying of Fenthion 50 EC (10ml) or Quinalphos 25 EC (20ml) or Thiometon 25 EC (12ml), or Dimethoate 30 EC (10ml), or Acephate 75% WSP 4gm or Malathion 50 EC (20ml) or Carbaryl 50% WSP 20g in 10 lit of water or dusting of Quinalphos 1.5 % dust or Methyl Parathion 2% dust or Phosalone 4 % dust @ 20kg/ha is recommended.
4. For effective management of Gujhia weevil, application of Phorate 10 G @ 10 Kg/ha at sowing + foliar spray of chlorphriphos 20 EC @ 25 ml OR Lymbda chalothrin 2.5 EC @ 10 ml/10 ltr of water at 10 days after emergence and need based second spraying at 10 days after first application is recommended

Contact Information

		About Project
		Faculty Information
		Mandate
		Research Activities and Achievements
		Contact Information

About Project

The AICRP on linseed and sesame was established at main campus of Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola in April 1985. Subsequently this project was shifted to College of Agriculture, Nagpur from 1987 and AICRP on Rapeseed Mustard in June 2009. The work on the improvement of linseed in the Vidarbha region was started in the section of Economic Botanist, Nagpur in 1924-25 and one high yielding strain, EB-3 with higher oil content was developed. From 1934 to 1944, the work on this crop was done under the Oilseeds Research Scheme, Central Provinces, Nagpur and two improved strains, No-3 and No-55 possessing higher yield and higher oil content were developed. These strains though well suited to Vidarbha conditions were not resistant to rust. Attempts were, therefore made to develop rust resistant, high- yielding strains such as IP-135 and IP-328. As a result of hybridization and subsequent selection, one improved strain, C-429 was developed and released for cultivation in 1958. It combines high yield and high oil content No.-3 with rust resistance of IP-135. After the establishment of All India Coordinated Research Project on Linseed and Sesame in 1987 at Collage of Agriculture, Nagpur.

Sesame is the oldest indigenous oil plant with longest history of its cultivation in India. India is still the world leader with the maximum (25.8%) production from the largest (29.8%) area and highest (40%) export of Sesame in the world. Sesame is quality food, nutrition, edible oil, bio-medicine and health care, all in one. The international demand and market of Sesame has witnessed significant growth in the recent past. It has up-surged as a silver line in the agri-export of the country with its highest contribution of foreign exchange from the export of sesame seed. Sesame has remarkable antioxidant function due to the presence of lignans and tocopherol. The seed, highly rich in quality proteins and essential amino acids, especially methionine is considered rejuvenative and anti-aging for human body. Sesame seed is rich source of linoleic acid, vitamins E, A, B1, B2 & niacin and minerals including calcium and phosphorus. The seeds are used in the preparation of baby foods considered as the best substitute for mother’s milk to compensate the breast feeding. The oil with 85% unsaturated fatty acids, is highly stable and has reducing effect on cholesterol and prevents coronary heart diseases. Sesame is called as the Queen of oils. Sesame is grown in all seasons of the year and being a short duration crop, fits well into various cropping systems.
In Vidarbha, the Sesame crop is grown in Kharif, Semi-Rabi & Summer situation. Since the Sesame crop has less problem of pest & diseases in summer condition, it can be very well harvested. Now a days there are tremendous possibilities to extend the area under Summer sesame cultivation. Sesame had more preference from farmers because of low input required & high price of produce. The irrigation command area may be covered for summer cultivation of Sesame crop after harvest of paddy & early crop of Rabi. Area under summer Sesame is increasing in eastern part of Vidarbha especially in Bhandara & Gadchiroli districts.

The Sesame Research Unit was included in the AICRP w.e.f 1st April, 1987, with staffing pattern as one Jr. Breeder (Sesame) & one Agriculture Assistant at Nagpur. One Jr. Agronomist post sanctioned in this Unit in XIth plan. The Agronomy & pathology discipline’s work is being looked after by the Scientists born on the establishment of Linseed Research Unit.

Mandate

Sesame Breeding

• Breeding for high yielding varieties with high oil content.
• Breeding resistance for powdery mildew, gall midge fly & leaf roller / capsule borer.
• Maintenance & Evaluation of Germplasm.
• Development of extra white seed coat varieties.
• Breeding for earliness.

Sesame Agronomy

• To find out the response of Sesame to different sources and levels of Sulphur in term of seed and oil yield.
• To optimize the yield through natural inputs.
• To evaluate the efficacy of bio/natural inputs on yield and oil content of Sesame.
• To study the effect of micronutrients in-combination with organic manure on the yield of Sesame.
• To test the maximum possible yielding capacity of Sesame

Sesame Pathology

• To know the prevailance of Sesame diseases in the region.
• To evaluate Sesame genotypes / lines against major diseases.
• To manage Sesame soil borne diseases through bio-control agents.
• To test the efficacy of fungicide against fungal foliar diseases.
• To manage Sesame diseases through integrated disease management.

Research Activities and Achievements

The following varieties were released for commercial cultivation.

1. N-8
2. AKT-64 (Kharif) (1995-96)
3. AKT-101 (Summer) (2001)
4. PKV-NT-11 (Summer) (2009)

Variety : AKT-64
Year of Identification	1995-96
Parent	N-128 x C-50
Breeding Method	Pedigree
Recommended ecology	Suitable for kharif cultivation for Vidarbha region
Plant Height	30-135 cm
Varietal Character	3-4 branches, dull white seed colour, violet flower
Duration	85-90 days
Maturity Group	Early maturity
Reaction of Major Pest/Diseases	Resistance to alternaria blight, powder mildew, bacterial leaf spot, wilt and moderately resistant to phyllody, macrophomina stem/root rot diseases
Seed Colour	Dull white
Spacing	30 x 10 cm
Plant Population	2.5-3 lakh per hectare
Fertilizer Dose	40:25:00 NPK kg/ha
Seed Rate	2.5 kg/ha
1000 Seed Wt.	3-4 gm
Oil Percentage	47-48%
Average Yield	550-650 kg/ha

Variety : AKT-101
Year of Identification	2001
Parent	N-62-10 x R-19
Breeding Method	Pedigree
Recommended ecology	Summer cultivation were irrigation facilities are available
Plant Height	89 cm
Varietal Character	4-5 branches, white seed colour and violet flower
Duration	90-95 days
Maturity Group	Early maturity
Reaction of Major Pest/Diseases	Moderately resistance to phyllody, macrophomina root rot and bacterial blight
Seed Colour	White seed colour, violet flower
Spacing	30 x 5 cm
Plant Population	2.5-3 lakh per hectare
Fertilizer Dose	25:25:00 NPK kg/ha
Seed Rate	3-3.5 kg/ha
1000 Seed Wt.	3.8 g
Oil Percentage	48-49%
Average Yield	750-850 kg/ha

Variety : N-8
Year of Identification	—
Parent	—
Breeding Method	Selection
Recommended ecology	Suitable for Semi-rabi cultivation for Vidarbha zone
Plant Height	110-130 cm
Varietal Character	6-7 branches with light brown colour seed, violet flower
Duration	120 days
Maturity Group	Late
Reaction of Major Pest/Diseases	Resistant to macrophomina root rot/stem rot, wilt, bacterial blight, bacterial leaf spot, powdery mildew and phyllody
Seed Colour	Light brown colour
Spacing	30 x 10 cm
Plant Population	2.5-3 lakh per hectare
Fertilizer Dose	25:25:00 NPK kg/ha
Seed Rate	2.5-3 kg/ha
1000 Seed Wt.	3-3.5 gm
Oil Percentage	50-51%
Average Yield	400-700 kg/ha

Variety : PKV-NT-11
Year of Identification	2009
Parent	JLT-9 x NT-4
Breeding Method	Pedigree
Recommended ecology	Suitable for summer season : First week of February
Plant Height	Average 96 cm (74-125 cm)
Varietal Character	4-5 branches with white colour seed, violet flower
Duration	Average 99 days (86-109 days)
Maturity Group	Midlate
Reaction of Major Pest/Diseases	Resistant to phyllody and moderately resistant to root rot and bacterial blight, leaf roller & capsule borer
Seed Colour	White colour
Spacing	30 x 5 cm
Plant Population	2.5-3 lakh per hectare
Fertilizer Dose	25:25:00 NPK kg/ha + 15 S kg/ha
Seed Rate	3-4 kg/ha
1000 Seed Wt.	3.6 gm
Oil Percentage	51.99%
Average Yield	Average 800 kg/ha (600-1000 kg/ha)

Contact Information

Principal scientist and Linseed Breeder
All India Coordinated Research Project on Oilseeds (Sesame)
College of Agriculture
Nagpur – 440001 (Maharashtra)

		About Project
		Mandate
		Scientists
		Research Activities and Achievements
		Contact Information

About Project 

The AICRP on linseed and sesame was established at main campus of Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola in April 1985. Subsequently this project was shifted to College of Agriculture, Nagpur from 1987 and AICRP on Rapeseed Mustard in June 2009. Variety NL 97   and PKV Nl 260 was relased in 1999 and 2009 respectively, by AICRP on Linseed, College of Agriculture Nagpur, Dr. Panjabarao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyappeth, Akola.

India contributes about 10.81 % and 5.30% to world area and production respectively for Linseed. In India linseed occupies an area of 201.21 (‘000 ha) ha yielding 659 kg per ha with an average production of 132.25 (‘000 tonnes (2021-22). The major linseed growing states of country are Madhya Pradesh, Chattisgarh, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Bihar, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Nagaland and Assam accounting for about 97 % of total area of nation. In Maharashtra it occupies an area of 56.10 (00 ha) ha yielding 267.23 kg ha-1 with an average productivity of 14.99 tone ha-1 in the Maharashtra (2020-21). Every part of the linseed plant is utilized commercially either directly or after processing. The linseed oil primarily goes to industries for manufacture of paints, varnish, oil cloth, and linoleum and pad ink. The oil cake is a good for milch cattle. The stem yields fiber of good quality having high strength and durability. The woody matter and short fibers are used as a raw pulp for making paper of quality. Linseed oil possesses a very healthy fatty acid profile, particularly, Omega-3 (Alpha Linolenic Acid), richest source only in linseed (58%). ALA provides beneficial effects in numerous clinical conditions such as, cardiovascular disease, inflammatory disorders, immune function and cancer etc.

       

 

 

Mandate

Linseed Breeding

• Development of high yielding varieties with high oil content for Rainfed conditions.
• Development of short duration varieties (105 days).
• Development of Linseed varieties resistance to bud fly, Alterneria blight & powdery mildew.
• Screening of Germplasm under abiotic stress.
• Maintenance, evaluation and utilization of germplasm.

Linseed Agronomy

• To study organic linseed production.
• To study the production potentials and economics of with different crops.
• Evaluation of predominant Rabi crop including linseed grown different maturity groups of paddy.
• To enhance the production level in the Rainfed conditions

Linseed Pathology

• To know the prevalence of linseed diseases occurring in the region.
• To evaluate genotypes resistant against Powdery mildew.
• To evaluate genotypes resistant against wilt under wilt sick plot.

Mustard Breeding

• Development of high yielding varieties with high oil content
• Development of short duration varieties
• Development of varieties resistant to powdery mildew and Aphids
• Development of varieties for terminal heat tolerance

Mustard Agronomy

• To find out suitable predominant rabi crop after paddy
• Suitable cropping system.
• Development of intercropping system wheat, chickpea, linseed.
• To find out suitable moisture conservation practices in Rainfed rapeseed-mustard

 

Research Activities and Achievements

The follwing varieties are released

1. Linseed
   1. NL-97 (1999)
   2. PKV-NL-260 (2009)

   2. Mustard

   1. ACN- 9 (2005)
   2. TAM 108-1 (2019)

Variety : NL-97
Year of Identification	1999
Parent	R-7 x RLC-4
Breeding Method	Pedigree
Recommended ecology	Suitable for Rabi season : Rainfed – Last week of October Irrigated – First week of November
Plant Height	50-55 cm
Varietal Character	Flower Blue color
Duration	Average 105 days (115-120 days)
Maturity Group	Medium
Reaction of Major Pest/Diseases	Moderately resistant to Alterneria, powdery mildew and bud fly.
Seed Colour	Light Brown
Spacing	30 cm row to row distance
Plant Population	7-8 lakh per hectare
Fertilizer Dose	25:25:00 NPK kg/ha
Seed Rate	12-15 kg/ha
1000 Seed Wt.	6.89 gm.
Oil Percentage	42.1 %
Average Yield	Average 900 kg/ha (800-1000 kg/ha)

Variety : PKV NL-260
Year of Identification	2009
Parent	R-552 x RLC-6
Breeding Method	Pedigree
Recommended ecology	Suitable for Rabi season : Rainfed – Last week of October Irrigated – First week of November
Plant Height	45-63 cm
Varietal Character	Flower Blue color
Duration	Average 105 days (97-111days)
Maturity Group	Medium
Reaction of Major Pest/Diseases	Moderately resistant to Alterneria, powdery mildew and bud fly.
Seed Colour	Light Brown
Spacing	30 cm row to row distance
Plant Population	7-8 lakh per hectare
Fertilizer Dose	25:25:00 NPK kg/ha
Seed Rate	25 kg/ha
1000 Seed Wt.	7.6 g
Oil Percentage	37.67  %
Average Yield	Average 963 kg/ha (900-1800 kg/ha)

Variety : ACN -9
Year of Identification	2005
Parent	Seeta x RW – 351
Breeding Method	Pedigree
Recommended ecology	Suitable for Rabi season : Rainfed – Last week of October Irrigated – First week of November
Plant Height	129 cm
Varietal Character	Flower yellow color
Duration	Average 98 days (95-105 days)
Maturity Group	Early
Seed Colour	Light Brown
Spacing	45 cm row to row distance x 10 cm plant to plant
Plant Population	1.5-2.2 lakh per hectare
Fertilizer Dose	50:40:00 NPK kg/ha
Seed Rate	4-5 kg/ha
1000 Seed Wt.	2.9-3.8 gm
Oil Percentage	32-40 %
Average Yield	Average 900 kg/ha (800-1000kg/ha)

Variety : TAM-108-1
Year of Identification	2019
Parent	TM102 x RB9901 (Geeta)
Breeding Method	Pedigree
Recommended ecology	Suitable for Rabi season : 15 October – 15 November
Plant Height	150 cm
Varietal Character	Flower yellow color
Duration	Average 101 days (100-110 days)
Reaction of Major Pest/Diseases	Moderately resistant to Aphid
Maturity Group	Medium
Seed Colour	Dark Brown
Spacing	45 x 10 cm
Plant Population	1.5-2.2 lakh per hectare
Fertilizer Dose	50:40:00 NPK kg/ha
Seed Rate	5 kg/ha
1000 Seed Wt.	5 gm
Oil Percentage	38-40 %
Average Yield	Average 1000 kg/ha (800-1200kg/ha)

Research Activities and Achievements

AICRP on Linseed-

• Under ICAR NBPGR DBT network project out 2657 germplasm evaluated at the hotspot of bud fly incidence i.e. Nagpur and Mauranipur location identified one germplasm of each under resistant category of Linum usitasimum, L bienne and L. grandiflorum.
• The Bud fly adults were collected and send for morphological characterization and NBIAR, Bangalore, genus level identification is done and species level identification is in progress. The parasitoid emerges from the field collected maggots were also send for taxonomical identification at NBIAR, Bangalore
• Wide hybridization: – Interspecific hybridization between Linum usitasimum, L bienne and L. grandiflorum. attempted
• Linseed wilt 27 isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Lini (fol) belonging to 5 different states of India were collected and wilt sick plots were developed. Morphological studies of this isolates were done and 17 morphologically different isolates were characterized on different molecular basis and further they were sequenced and sample deposited an CBI and ascension numbers were allotted to them
• Value addition: – AICRP Center COA Nagpur has been identified as value addition center of linseed. A value-added meet of food products was done at IIOR on 7th July 2021. These value-added products were recommended as research finding committee of the university. These technologies will be transferred to farmers filed after it gets recommended in the joint Agresco

AICRP on Mustard: –

1. TAM 108-1 Variety of Mustard has been released during the year 2019 and notified during the year 2021.
2. Genotype ACN-237 promoted in AVT (Timely Sown) in Zone IV of AICRP trials.
3. Inter specific hybridization between B. juncea and B. carinata S. alba attempted for transferring powdery mildew resistance and terminal heat tolerance, similarly back cross breeding program initiated for transferring powdery mildew resistance and terminal heat tolerance gene.
4. Evaluated the quality material developed by ICAR institutes and AICRP centers for crossing and developing the single/double zero varieties for horizontal expansion of mustard crop area in nontraditional area of Maharashtra

Extension activities and Achievements

1. 290 FLD’s of linseed variety PKV NL 260 were conducted on farmer’s field in all the eleven districts of vidarbha from Buldhana to Gadchiroli.
2. 20 FLD’s of Linseed were conducted on farmers field in rabi 2017-18 going to unto 290 FLD’s in 2021-22
3. Similarly 438 FLD’s of Mustard variety TAM-108-1 were conducted along with improved package of practices in Vidarbha region
4. 388 FLD’s were conducted in RKVY Mustard project during 2021-22 results into increasing in area of mustard cultivation in Gondia, Gadchiroli, Chandrapur and Bhandara.

Research Recommendations

Recommendations passed on to the extension agencies

A. Crop Production

1	In Soybean-Linseed cropping sequence, application of 75% recommended P + PSB (5 kg ha-1) as soil application to both crops is recommended for obtaining higher yields & economic returns
2	For obtaining higher productivity & profitability it is recommended to grow Linseed variety (PKV NL-260) as sole crop or as intercrop in Chickpea + Linseed (4:2) intercropping system.
3	In Soybean-Linseed double cropping system, to maintain soil health through integrated nutrient management as well as to get more and at par yield and economic return with that of 100% RDF application of 75% recommended dose of fertilizer to both the crops (i.e. 23:56 and 45:23 kg N:P ha-1 to Soybean and Linseed crop respectively) along with seed inoculation with Bio-fertilizer Rhizobium (25 g/kg seed)to Soybean and Azotobactor (25 g/kg seed) to Linseed  and PSB (20 g/kg seed) to both the crops is recommended.
4	In Utera linseed, for getting more yield and economic returns, it is recommended to irrigate it twice at 25-30 day interval after paddy harvest along with application of 100% RDN (80 kg ha-1) in two splits (40 kg N each at 10 DAS and 40 DAS) + Seed inoculation with PSB & Azotobacter
5	In Zinc and boron deficient soils for obtaining higher seed yield at economic returns of linseed crop along with recommended dose of fertilizer 60:30:00 NPK per ha foliar application of zinc sulphate @ 0.5 % (5g per lit of water) + borax @ 0.3 % (3g/ lit of water) at 45 DAS is recommended.
6	Foliar application of 75 ppm Salicylic acid at vegetative and reproductive stage is found effective in enhancing productivity and profitability of Linseed.
7	In Linseed crop, for effective weed management, higher seed yield and economic returns, application of post emergence herbicide Clodinafop + Metsulfuron methyl @ 0.06 + 0.004 Kg a.i./ha (400g/ha) at 2-3 leaf stage of weed (20-25 DAS) is found better.
8	In linseed crop, for maintaining optimum plant population, growth and higher productivity in irrigated condition, seed rate of 15 kg/ha is recommended after harvest of paddy, sowing of linseed with zero tillage method instead of broadcasting is recommended.

Mustard Agronomy

1	Intercropping of wheat + mustard (9:1) proved more remunerative than their sole crops.
2	For effective weed control, more yield and more economic return in mustard, 2 weeding and 2 hoeing at 20 and 40 DAS   or   pre-emergence application of herbicide Oxadiargyl (80 WP) @ 90. g a.i. ha-1 or Pendimethalin (30 EC) @ 1.0 kg a.i. ha-1 is recommended.
3	For more production and financial returns of dry-land mustard, 1 percent urea should be sprayed at 50 percent flowering stage along with the recommended dose of fertilizer.
4	For more yield and higher economic returns of irrigated mustard, irrigation at 0.8 IW/CPE ratio (with 50 mm irrigation depth, irrigation at 20,40 and 55 DAS) is recommended
5	For more yield and higher economic returns of irrigated mustard GM-3, sowing in the second fortnight of October (from 15 to 25 October) at 45 x 15 cm geometry is recommended
6	For higher yield of mustrd and economic returns spraying of salysilic acid @ 200 ppm (2 gm in 10 lit of water) at flowering and siliqua formation stage is recommonded

B. Plant Protection (Plant Pathology/ Entomology)

1.	The economic threshold level of 8.77 per cent bud fly infestation is recommended for the management of linseed bud fly
2	Two fortnightly sprays of Azadirachtin 300 ppm @ 5 ml/lit or Acetamiprid 20 SP @ 0.004% (0.2 g/lit) or Imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 0.0045% (0.2 ml/lit) starting from bud initiation is recommended for the effective management of linseed bud fly
3	For control of powdery mildew of linseed two sprays of  Propiconazole (0.1%) or  Difenconazole (0.05%) or  wettable sulphur (0.25 %) or Quintal (0.1 %) or Hexaconazole (0.1%) one at disease initiation and second 15 days later is recommended.
4	Intercropping of linseed + Chickpea at 4:2 row proportion is recommended for more linseed equivalent yield (LEY) and higher economic returns by minimizing bud fly infestation
5	For higher seed yield, effective management of powdery mildew disease, and high ICBR (6.82), foliar spray of hexaconazole (0.1%) or seed treatment with salicylic acid at 50 ppm + foliar spray of salicylic acid at 50 ppm at 30 and 45 DAS recommended

C. Linseed Value Addition

1	Development of Linseed dry fruits bites- Dr. PDKV developed process technology for the production of linseed oats shots prepared with 60 % linseed, 12 % Cashew nut, 12% almond, 12 % dry dates powder and 4 % raisins having a shelf life of 50 days, packed in glass container at ambient temperature is recommended
2	Development of shots with linseed and oats- Dr. PDKV developed process technology for the production of linseed oats shots prepared with 50 % linseed, 35 % dates and 15 % oats having a shelf life of 50 days, packed in glass container at ambient temperature is recommended.
3	Development of Linseed Mukhwas- Dr. PDKV developed process technology for the production of linseed oats shots prepared with 60 % linseed, 10 % fennel, 8 % carom seeds, 6 % sesame seeds, 4 % split coriander seeds,  7 % watermelon seeds, 3 % licorice, 2 % clove having a shelf life of 50 days, packed in glass container at ambient temperature is recommended

Project Implemented

 Collaborative Projects

Sr. No.	Project	Year	Name of Institute	Amt. (Rs in lakh)	Funding Agency
1	Sustainable Rural Livelihood Security in Backward district of Maharashtra – Linseed intervention. Investigator:Dr.P.B. Ghorpade	2007-2014	BAIF, Pune Dr. PDKV., Akola MPKV, Rahuri BVU, Pune HSS, KVK, Nandurbar	2500	ICAR-NAIP
2	A value chain on Linseed: Seed Production, Processing and Value addition for profitability.  Investigator:Dr. P.B. Ghorpade	2009-2014	BAIF, Pune Dr. PDKV., Akola BVU, Pune	400	ICAR-NAIP
3	Towards Genetic Improvement of Fax for oil and agronomic traits Investigator:Dr. P.B. Ghorpade	2009-2013	NCL, Pune IRSHA, Pune Dr. PDKV., Akola	200	Canada/DBT

4. BRNS Mustard: – Development of Powdery mildew resistant, early maturing and high yielding genotypes of mustard 2015 to 2018.  (23.35 lakh)

Principal Investigator          :     Dr. Beena Nair

Co- Principal Investigator   :     Prof. R.T. Gohokar

5. ICAR NBPGR-DBT Network project: – Research network Project on leveraging genetic resource for accelerated genetic improvement of linseed using comprehensive genomics and phenotypic approaches. (Genetic improvement of linseed for bud fly tolerance). (100.58 lakh)

P I Dr. Beena Nair, Co-P I Dr. S.R. Kamdi,

Dr. J.R. Katore and Dr. V.K. Biradar

6. Adoption of high yielding varieties of mustard along with low cost production Technology in four Districts of Nagpur Divtion (33 lakh)

Name of Principal investigator        1. Dr Sandeep R. Kamdi 

Co – Principal investigator               2. Dr Beena M. Nair

                                                         3 Dr. Harresh Ruprao Savai

                                                         4. Dr. Sandeep S. Karhale

                                                         5 Dr. Vinod Nagdevte

                                                         6. Dr. Narendra S. Dedhmukh

                                                         7. Dr. Neelesh Vazire

                                                         8. Dr. J. R. Katore.

Contact Information 

Linseed Breeder
All India Coordinated Research Project on Linseed and Mustard
College of Agriculture
Nagpur – 440001 (Maharashtra)
Phone & Fax: (Off.) – 0712-2541245
E-mail: aicrplinseed@pdkv.ac.in