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January 13th, 2014 Comments Off on All India Co-ordinated Research Project on Pigeonpea, Akola

All India Co-ordinated Research Project on Pigeonpea, Akola

 

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About Project

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Agroclimatic Information

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Infrastructure Facilities

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Mandate

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Scientists

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Research Activities and Achievements

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Research Recommendations (Approved in AGRESCO)

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Ongoing Projects

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Publications

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Contact Information

 

About Project

All India Co-ordinated Research Project on Pigeonpea sub centre was started from 1997.

 

Agro Climatic Information

Vidarbha region of Maharashtra state is mostly characterized by dryland farming. The climatic conditions of this region can be broadly described as semi-arid. The jurisdiction of Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth is entire Vidarbha region. The region comprises of eleven districts viz. Buldana, Akola, Washim, Amravati, Yavatmal, Wardha, Nagpur, Bhandara, Gondia, Chandrapur and Gadchiroli.

1. Assured rainfall kharif crop zone (ARK) comprises of Buldana, Akola, Washim, Amravati (excluding Warud and Dhamangaon tahsil) and part of Yavatmal (Pusad and Darwha tahsils) district. Its average rainfall is 693 mm distributed in 46 rainy days. July is the most wet month with 204 mm average monthly rainfall. It is essentially a kharif crop area with predominance of cotton and kharif sorghum. These two crops occupy more than 70% of the area. Among pulses udid, mung and pigeonpea in kharif and chickpea in rabi are grown on considerably large area. However, the yield levels are low.

2. Moderate Rainfall Zone (MR) is spread over Yavatmal (except Pusad and Darwha tahsil); Nagpur (except Bhiwapur and part of Umred tahsil); Wardha and Chandrapur (Warora, Rajura tahsil) districts. Average annual rainfall is 1133 mm distributed in 59 rainy days. Maximum monthly average rainfall (323 mm) is received in 16 rainy days in July. Cotton, sorghum and pigeonpea are major kharif crops in this zone. Rabi sorghum is grown in Warora, Rajura and Ramtek tahsil. Mung, udid and Chickpea are grown all over the zone. The average yield of pigeonpea in Amravati, Yavatmal and Wardha districts are better than rest of Vidarbha.

3. High Rainfall Zone (HR) comprises of Bhandara, Gondia, Chandrapur, (excluding Rajura and Warora tahsil), Gadchiroli and Nagpur (Bhiwapur and part of Umred tahsil) districts. Annual rainfall ranges from 1260 mm on western side of the zone to 1700 mm on a far eastern side. Average total annual rainfall is 1402 mm with 61 rainy days. Rainy season is from June to September. However, few showers (about 50 to 60 mm) are obtained in October, which are favourable for rabi pulses. It is predominantly a paddy growing area in kharif and most of the rabi area is under pulses such as chickpea, mung, udid, lathyrus, lentil, dolichos bean etc. However, the yield levels of pulses are very poor. In general, the pulses are neglected with almost no input and least management. Majority of them are under utera condition in which lathyrus is predominant.

 

Infrastructure Facilities

12.0 ha of land and Field laboratory

 

Mandate

  1. Genetic enhancement (stable productivity potential and desirable grain quality) and development of improved varieties at pulses to suit different agro-eco- system.

  2. Development of varieties with resistance/tolerance for major biotic and abiotic stresses.

  3. Development of medium duration hybrids suitable for different agro-ecosystems.

  4. Developing production technology of pulses for higher monetary returns.

  5. To develop integrated pest and diseases management technique.

 

Research Activities and Achievements

Significant Research Achievements in Pigeonpea

  1. Extra early TAT-10

  2. Early T.Vishakha-1, AKT-8811,.

  3. Midlate PKV TARA (TAT-9629) high yielding medium bold seed variety..

  4. Late Asha (ICPL-87119) identified as wilt and sterility mosaic resistant variety, Suitable for Kharif as well as Semi rabi cultivation in Vidarbha under contingent situation

  5. Late C-11 suitable for Kharif as well as Semi rabi cultivation

GMS based Pigeonpea hybrids

  1. Early – AKPH-4101

  2. Mid late – Santur-1 (AKPH-2022)

 

Research Recommendations

Crop Production Technologies

  1. For getting maximum yield of pigeonpea, it is recommended to keep the field weed free upto 75 DAS. Pre-emergence application of Pendamethalin @ 0.75kg a.i./ha in 600 to 700 liters of water within one to two days after sowing followed by one hand weeding at 30 days after sowing is recommended for control of weed in pigeonpea.
  2. Application of 20 kg P (46 kg P2O5 /ha) along with 5 t FYM and 1.5 kg PSB per ha is recommended for economy in chemical fertilizer for pigeonpea crop.
  3. It is suggested to sow pigeonpea on ridges and furrows and if not possible furrows should be opened after one month from sowing.
  4. Two irrigations, first at bud formation and another at pod development stage increases grain yield by 54 per cent in pigeonpea. In case of availability of single irrigation should be applied at pod development stage translating into increased grain yield by 37 per cent
For higher yield and monetary returns of pigeonpea, seed treatment with Rhizobium + PSB + PGPR (PGPR-Pseudomonas fluorescence) and application of 18:46:20 :: N:P2O5:K2O and on soil test basis soils deficit in Sulphur addition of 20 kg S/ha is recommended
 

Crop Protection Technologies

  1. Three sprays of HaNPV 250 LE/ha alternated with one spray of NSE 5 % at an interval of 15 days starting from 50 % flowering is recommended for effective management of pigeonpea pod borer.
  2. For pigeonpea pod borer management IPM approach with a) NSKE 5% at ETL (b) Endosulfan 0.07 % after 15 days of NSKE application (c) HaNPV 250 LE/ha after 15 days of Endosulfan spray and (d) Methyl Parathion 2 % dust @ 20 kg/ha 15 days after HaNPV spray are recommend.
  3. The spraying of Metarhizium anisopliae (1010 or 109) conidia/ml fungal suspension) 2 to 3 ml + Ranipal (0.01%) ml in one lit of water at 50% flowering is recommended for the management of H. armigera on pigeonpea.
  4. Application of Neem Seed Extract 5 per cent or Endosulfan 0.07 percent or HaNPV 250 LE/ha or dusting of Methyl Parathion 2 per cent @ 20 kg/ha should be taken at ETL at an interval of 15 days for effective management of pigeonpea pod borer.
  5. Two sprays of insecticides in combination with biopesticides and plant products starting from ETL (5 per cent pod damage) was effective for the management of helicoverpa. Experiment on efficacy of HaNPV, NSKE along with Endosulfan revealed that the application of HaNPV 250 LE/ha + Endosulfan 0.035 per cent or NSKE 5 per cent + Endosulfan 0.035 per cent effectively managed the incidence of helicoverpa in pigeonpea.
  6. The studies on efficacy of Metarhizium anisopliae on H. armigera revealed higher potential when applied at 1010 or 109 conidia/ml alongwith Ranipal (0.1%) 1 ml/lit of water.
  7. For effective control of wilt/root rot of pigeonpea and also in terms of increasing the yield, seed treatment with bio agent viz., Trichoderma harzianum or Trichoderma viridae @ 4gm/kg seed before sowing is recommended.

 

Ongoing Projects

  1. “Enhancing yield and stability of pigeonpea through heterosis breeding” sponsored by ICAR under “Integrated Scheme of Oilseeds, Pulses, Oil palm & Maize (ISOPOM)” Ministry of Agriculture, India (2005 to 2010).
  2. “Development and popularization of Model Seed System(s) for quality seed production of major legumes to ensure seed sufficiency at village levels” (2006-2010)
  3. “Enhancing grain legumes productivity, production and income of poor farmer in drought prone areas of sub-Sahara and south Asian area” sponsored by Bill Gates foundation (2007 to 2010).
  4. “Taking Pigeonpea hybrids to the doorstep of the farmers”: Sponsored by Government of India under National Food Security Mission in collaboration with ICRISAT, Hyderabad (2008-2012).

 

Publications

  • Marathi Booklet : Kaddhanya Pike Sudharit Lagwad Tantra: Dr. K.B. Wanjari.

  • Marathi Booklet : Sankarit Tur Bijotpadan Tantra: Dr. K.B Wanjari and Dr. A.N. Patil

  • Marathi folder : Turichi Sudharit Lagwad Wa Bijotpadan Tantra: Dr. A.N. Patil, Dr. V.V. Goud and R.M. Wadaskar

  • Marathi folder : Turiwaril Kid Wa Rog – Olakh Wa Vyawasthapan : R.M. Wadaskar, Dr. V.V. Goud and Dr. A.N. Patil

 

Contact Information

Dr. Ashok N. Patil
Senior Research scientist
Pulses Research Unit
Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth
Krishi Nagar, Akola – 444 104, Maharashtra

email : srspulses@pdkv.ac.in
Phone : (O) – 0724/2259391

January 10th, 2014 Comments Off on All India Coordinated Research Project(AICRP) for Dryland Agriculture, Akola

All India Coordinated Research Project(AICRP) for Dryland Agriculture, Akola

glass_37   Historical Perspective of the Centre
glass_37   Faculty Information
glass_37   Agroclimatic Information
glass_37   Mandate
glass_37   Major Research Achievements
glass_37   Contact Information

 

Historical Perspective of the Centre

Rainfed areas in the country India occupy about sixty seven percent of arable lands and contribute to the production of a major proportion of nutritive cereals, pulses, oilseeds and cotton to the national grainary.  These regions, unfortunately suffer from poor productivity because of degraded lands, poor water holding capacity and multiple nutrient deficiency, erratic rainfall, small land holdings and the like.

In order to deal with these problems appropriately, Indian council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) started All India Coordinated Research Project for Dryland Agriculture (AICRPDA) in 1970 with the assistance from the Government of Canada.  The unique feature of this project was its reliance on multidisciplinary research approach in identifying constraints and providing viable solutions to location specific problems in all the agro-ecological situations of rainfed agriculture.  The project presently has 25 co-operative centres. The locations of the various centres are depicted in Fig. 1. The establishment of Central Research Institute for dryland Agriculture (CRIDA) at Hyderabad in 1985 gave an impetus by providing basic and strategic research support. Some centres were supported with AICRP on Agro-meteorology in 1995. Akola centre is one of them. The profile briefs the outcome of various research activities during the past 10 years.

 

Agro Climatic Information

Region

Dryland

Network for Dryland Research Centre

Vidarbha region of Maharashtra state is mostly characterized by dryland farming.  The climatic conditions of this region can be broadly described as semi-arid.  The jurisdiction of Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth is entire Vidarbha region.  It is richly endowed with natural resources of varied types. Akola centre strives to solve location specific complexities through a cohesive, multi-pronged approach, emphasizing farmers’ point of view all the time.

The region comprises eleven districts viz. Buldana, Akola, Washim, Amravati, Yavatmal, Wardha, Nagpur, Bhandara, Gondia, Chandrapur and Gadchiroli. It lies in between 170 57’ – 210 46’ N Latitude and 750 57’ – 800 59’ E Longitude. It covers an area of 97762.9km2, which is 31.92 percent area of Maharashtra. Satpuda hill ranges in North bound the region, Ajanta hill ranges at the South West and a series of high hill ranges along the eastern border. It is divided into Godavari and Tapi river basins. There are two revenue administrative divisions viz., Amravati and Nagpur.

Weather and season of the region

The mean annual rainfall ranges from 700 mm at the West to 1700 mm at the East. The day length and temperature varies giving a rise from North to South and rainfall from West to East. Thus it gives rise to various agro climatic situations. This region mostly receives adequate rainfall in aggregate in monsoon period but suffers from vagaries of distribution and consequently the scarcity and semi-scarcity conditions. Some pockets in Khamgaon tahsil of Buldana district are drought prone.

Monsoon sets in from 8th June regularly and rains commence in between 18th to 25th June gives highest rainfall during July and August and withdraw on 8th October.  However, rains are meagre after first fortnight of September, Total rainy days ranges in between 47 to 65. The coefficient of variation of monthly rainfall is 40 to 50 per cent even for the wet month i.e. July indicating the uncertainty of rains during the season.

The climatic conditions of the region can be broadly described as semi-arid type on annual basis. The region experiences sub-humid to humid conditions in monsoon season, semi-arid in winter season and arid in summer season. Vidarbha region has been divided into three agro-climatic zones based on rainfall, soil types and vegetation viz., Western Vidarbha Zone (Rainfall 700 to 950mm), Central Vidarbha Zone (Rainfall 950 to 1250mm) and Eastern Vidarbha Zone (Rainfall <1250mm).

Agro-ecological characterization of the location

Akola is situated at the latitude of 200.42’ North and Longitude of 770.02’ East. The altitude of this place is 307.41m above MSL. The climate of the place is sub-tropical and characterised by hot dry summer and cool winter. Rains are mostly received from South-West monsoon during June to October with mean annual precipitation of 824.8mm, which is generally received in 41 rainy days. Winter rains are uncertain but has an average of 86.9mm during October to January. The annual mean minimum temperature varies from 10.5 to 27.10C, while the mean maximum temperature ranges from 28.2 to 42.60C. The bright Sunshine hours ranges between 4.1 – 10.0/day and wind speed from 4.3to14.8km/hr. The morning relative humidity ranges between 35 to 87 and evening humidity between 14 to 68 per cent.

Soils

Western Vidarbha soils are derived from trap rock and have varying depth depending upon their physiography. Most of the soils are calcareous, highly base saturated, fairly well drained, well supplied with potash, moderate to low in phosphate, but low in organic matter content and slightly alkaline. Soils deeper than 1.5 m and clay in texture pose problem of waterlogging. Such conditions occur in Purna Valley. Deep soils are poor in infiltration and permeability. At Dryland Research Farm of the centre, the soil belongs to Vertic Inceptisols.

Soils of the Central Vidarbha are derived from basalt rock, black in colour and having varying depth depending upon their physiography. Inceptisols and Entisols are developed from basalt and they are very shallow to shallow.  Inceptisols show vertic characteristics, whereas, the Vertisols are developed in basaltic alluvium brought out by rivers. These soils are medium to heavy in texture, high in lime content with high base saturation.

Vertisols are predominant in the zone with montmorillonite/smectite clay. Swelling after wetting and shrinkage following drying results in deep and wide cracks.

Eastern Vidarbha soils are chiefly derived from mixed rocks like granite, geniuses and schist’s. They are yellowish brown to red in colour and having pH in the range of 6 to 7. These soils predominantly contain Kaolinite (1:1), non-expanding clay mineral.

Medium deep black soils are predominant (45%) followed by coarse shallow (35%) and deep black soils (20%).

Major problems of the region

Vidarbha is mainly a rainfed-farming region, the crops being dependent on vagaries of monsoon. This makes living of the farmers unstable and difficult, because of uncertainty in yield and income. Due to lack of agrobased and cottage industries, employment and monetary returns are meagre. Important problems of the region are

a. Fragile environment

Total annual mean precipitation of the region is, though, above 700mm, its distribution is not even. Due to erratic and irregular rainfall pattern, crops suffer and there is also a risk of crop failure under aberrant weather situation. Due to frequent occurrence of dry spell, delayed onset of monsoon and early withdrawal, prospects of good crop cannot be assured. Sometimes excessive and intensive rainfall may cause runoff and severe erosion.

b. Soil degradation

Soils of the region have been degraded due their susceptibility to soil and water erosion, inadequate restoration of soil organic matter due to tropical climate and lack of supply of organic manures and thirdly due to improper use of land. In some pockets, there is excessive accumulation of salts making soils saline and alkaline.

c. Constraint of water

Due to lack of appropriate rainwater management, availability of water for crops is declining. Similarly level of groundwater is also going downward because of excessive lifting of water and lack of efforts to replenish removed water. This is a matter of great concern and poses serious challenge for the future.

d. Low productivity

Crop and animal productivity is very low in the region because of low inputs and non-adoption of improved technology, viz., low income and low livelihood security, inadequate finance for agriculture, lack of supporting enterprises in rural area, lack of post harvest cottage and agro based industries, unavailability of labour and farm equipments for timely field operations and unavailability of good quality seed, timely availability of desirable fertilizers and pesticides etc.

 

Mandate

  • To evolve simple technologies through inter disciplinary research to substantially increase the crop productivity and viability under dryland farming conditions in India
  • To increase stability of crop production over the years by improving in natural resource management and crop management systems and providing alternate crop production technologies matching weather conditions
  • To develop alternate and efficient land use systems through inter disciplinary research and farmers’ perspective and operational scale experimentation
  • To optimise the use of natural resources viz., rainfall, land and water; minimize soil and water losses and degradation of environment
  • To evaluate and study transferability of the improved dryland technologies on farmers’ fields.

 

 

Major Research Achievements

  • ·   In rainfed condition for sorghum crop, minimum tillage (one hoeing followed by one hand weeding) with 20kg nitrogen through inorganic fertilizer+ 20kg N through FYM (3.8t ha-1), 40kg P2O5 and 40kg K2O as basal dose and remaining 20kg nitrogen through inorganic fertilizer + 20kg through glyricidia (3t ha-1, at 30 DAS) is recommended for higher rainwater use efficiency, higher grain yield and enhanced soil fertility.

 

  • For obtaining higher system productivity and system profitability, sowing non Bt. cotton + soybean (4:10) – safflower cropping sequence with tractor drawn seed drill and application of 45:55:30 kg ha-1 NPK to the cotton + soybean (4:10) intercropping and 13.75:13.75:13.75 kg ha-1 NPK to safflower is recommended for dryland condition of vidarbha region.

 

  • Under dryland condition, for higher productivity and monetary returns, intercropping of vegetables in hirsutum cotton (Cotton + cowpea  or clusterbean) sown at 45 cm in 1:1 row proportion and application of 125% RDF (75:37.5:37.5 NPK kg ha-1) in two split doses i.e. half dose of N, full dose of P and  K applied at the time of sowing to cotton + vegetable intercrops (37.5:37.5:37.5 NPK kg ha-1) and remaining half dose of nitrogen (37.5 kg ha-1) applied at 30 DAS to cotton crop is recommended.

 

  • Under rainfed based mechanized strip intercropping system, for obtaining higher productivity and monetary returns, it is recommended to adopt high density (45 x 15 cm) planting of deshi cotton (AKA-7) + soybean (6:6) with 40:50:25 NPK kg ha-1 or American cotton (AKH-081) + soybean (6:6) with 50:55:30 NPK kg ha-1 to both the crops and soybean strip sequenced with mustard at 45 x 15 cm spacing with recommended dose of fertilizer (40:20:20 NPK kg ha-1).

 

Rainwater Management

Efficient management of land and water resources on watershed basis not only minimizes the risk of soil erosion hazards and crops failure but also increases the productivity of land per unit area and time.

a. Evaluation of contour cultivation along vegetative hedges and graded bunds for soil and moisture conservation and productivity

For reducing runoff and soil erosion and increasing crop productivity, vegetative key lines of vetiver or leucaena may be developed on contours and sowing of crops and cultivation be done along the keylines.

b. Topo-sequence study of micro-watershed for in-situ moisture conservation and sustainable crop production

For obtaining high monetary returns and soil and moisture conservation on slopy field (upto 3% slope), it is recommended to take soybean-chickpea double cropping on  30% area of lower topo-sequence in place of sole cotton under cotton based cropping system in dryland condition.

The yields of soybean and chickpea were higher under lower topo-sequence as compared to cotton. Monetary returns of different topo-sequence show higher values for soybean- chickpea double cropping as compared to cotton under lower topo-sequence. It is also observed that, the strip of soybean – chickpea reduced the runoff and soil loss to some extent.

c. Opening of furrows in cotton

For in situ soil moisture conservation and increased seed cotton yield it had been recommended to open furrows after every two rows of cotton at 30 to 35 days after sowing, furrows be opened by hoes.

dryfurrow

d. Interbund treatment of vetiver hedge

DrylandAicrp04

For reducing runoff and soil erosion and increasing crop productivity, vegetative key line of vetiver or Leucaena should be developed on contours and crops should be along the key lines.

e. Tillage and nutrient management for resource conservation and improving soil quality

In rainfed condition for sorghum crop, minimum tillage (one hoeing followed by one hand weeding) with 20kg nitrogen through inorganic fertilizer+20kg  N through FYM (3.8t ha-1), 40kg P2O5 and 40kg K2O as basal dose and remaining 20kg nitrogen through inorganic fertilizer + 20kg through gliricidia (3t ha-1, at 30 DAS) is recommended for higher rainwater use efficiency, higher grain yield and enhanced soil fertility.

rainfed5

Crops and cropping systems

a. Identification of crops for shallow soils

On shallow soil, cotton variety AKH-081 recorded higher gross monetary returns as compared to other crops, viz., Pigeonpea (ICPL-85012), pearlmillet (ICTP-8203), seasamum (TC-25), horsegram (Local), blackgram (TAU-1) and sorghum (CSH-9).  Hence, it is recommended for growing on shallow soil, under rainfed situations.

b. Sequence cropping system

Greengram-safflower crop sequence has been recommended for higher monetary returns. If rains occur in October, November month, sorghum- chickpea crop sequence is advocated. Soybean- chickpea crop sequence is also pheasible and giving higher monetary returns during late monsoon rains situation. Under situation of resowing or delayed sowing in kharif season, sunflower, pearl millet, pigeonpea, maize and castor crops recorded satisfactory yields.

c. Three tier intercropping

For obtaining higher monetary returns and meeting the need of food, fodder and fuel from one piece of land, it is recommended to adopt three tier cotton based intercropping system in which cotton, sorghum, pigeonpea and sorghum be grown in 6:1:2:1 row proportion under rainfed situation. This system has the highest capacity to bear risk of the season due to erratic behaviour of monsoon and also being adopted on reasonably sizeable area.

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d. Upscaling of cotton+sorghum+pigeonpea+sorghum (6:1:2:1) intercropping systems   in black soils of Western and Central Vidarbha region of Maharashtra

The improved practice cotton:sorghum:pigeonpea:sorghum (6:1:2:1) intercropping system gave significantly highest seed cotton equivalent yield  of 963kg  ha-1.  The same system recorded highest gross and net monetary return of Rs. 39445ha-1 and Rs. 22571ha-1 respectively with B: C ratio of 2.37.

drysorgh

For ease in sowing Cotton:sorghum: pigeonpea: sorghum (3:1:1:1) recorded statistically at par NMR of Rs. 20032ha-1 with cotton:sorghum: pigeonpea:sorghum (6:1:2:1) and it also recorded B:C ratio of 2.28 with seed cotton equivalent yield of  871kg ha-1.

drypigeon

For obtaining higher cotton yield, monetary returns and improvement in soil fertility status integrated application of  50 % RDF (25:12.5:12.5 kg ha-1 N:P:K)+ FYM @5t ha-1 + PSB + Azotobactor and opening of furrow in each row at 30-40 DAS is recommended under dryland condition.

Nutrient management

The alley of green manuring crops like Leucaena at 9m interval in cotton or sorghum crops is recommended for incorporating its loppings for getting 25 to 50% economy in fertilizer use.

nutrmgmt

a.  Integrated nutrient management studies in cotton+greengram intercropping

Application of 5t FYM +  25 kg P2O5 ha-1 as a basal dose and 25kg N   ha-1 as top dressing after 30 days is recommended to cotton+greengram(1:1) intercropping system as an integrated plant nutrient supply system for sustainable fertility and productivity of soil in dryland agriculture.dryint1

For obtaining higher yield and economic returns in zinc and boron deficient Vertisols, it is recommended to apply 25kg Zinc sulphate and 5kg Borax ha-1 alongwith 60:30:00 NPK kg ha-1 to rainfed American cotton.

dryint2

b. Integrated nutrient management in cotton under rainfed condition

For improvement in soil fertility, cotton productivity and obtaining higher monetary returns, application of 50% N (25kg ha-1) through glyricidia (3-4 t ha-1) +50% N through inorganics + biofertilizers (Azotobactor & PSB 25 g kg-1 seed treatment) + 25kg P2O5 + 25kg K2O ha-1 is recommended as an Integrated Plant Nutrient Supply System under dryland conditions of Vidarbha.

rainfed2rainfed1

c. Integrated nutrient management in soybean under rainfed conditionFor improvement in soil fertility, soybean productivity and obtaining higher monetary returns, application of 50% recommended N (15kg ha-1) through glyricidia (2-3t    ha-1)+50% N through inorganics+biofertilizers (Rhizobium & PSB 25g kg-1 seed treatment) + 75kg P2O5 + 25kg K2O ha-1 is recommended as an Integrated Plant Nutrient Supply System under dryland conditions of Vidarbha.

rainfed2rainfed3

Crop Evaluation

Drought tolerance of cultivators

Screening and evaluation of some of the rainfed crops for drought tolerance and yield was taken up on the basis of the following physiological parameters and yield viz. Chlorophyll content, Chlorophyll stability index (CSI), Proline content of leaf, Osmotic potential of cell sap, Relative water content (RWC%), Transpiration rate, Stomatal conductance, Leaf area and Drought susceptibility index (DSI).  On the basis this study the Soybean (Monetta and TAS-38), Sesamum (JLT-7 and TSE-4) and Sunflower (PKVSH-32 and MSFH –17) are found to be drought tolerant. Alternate land use systema.  Agro-horticultural systems

 Under dryland condition, ber ago-horticulture system (Ber + greengram/ blackgram) was found be more   remunerative than anola and custard apple horticulture system.

Growing stylo as a sole crop and stylo-marvel pastural system recorded higher green fodder yield than sole or combination of these two grasses.Efficient management of land and water resources, on watershed basis, not only minimizes the risk of soil erosion hazards and crops failure but also increases the productivity of land per unit area and time.

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Contact Information

Dr.Anita B. Chorey
Chief Scientist
All India Co-ordinated Research Project for Dryland Agriculture
Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth
Akola -444104 (Maharashtra)

January 6th, 2014 Comments Off on All India Coordinated Research Project(AICRP) on MULLaRP (Mungbean, Urdbean, Lentil, Lathyrus, Rajmash and Pea), Akola

All India Coordinated Research Project(AICRP) on MULLaRP (Mungbean, Urdbean, Lentil, Lathyrus, Rajmash and Pea), Akola

 

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   About Project

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   Faculty Information

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   Agro Climatic Information

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   Infrastructure Facilities

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   Mandate

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   Research Activities and Achievements

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   Research Recommendations

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   Contact Information

 

About Project

This is a sub centre from 1992-93 established for research on pulses like Mungbean, Urdbean, Lentil, Lathyrus, Rajmash and Pea.

 

Agro Climatic Information

Vidarbha region of Maharashtra state is mostly characterized by dryland farming. The climatic conditions of this region can be broadly described as semi-arid. The jurisdiction of Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth is entire Vidarbha region. The region comprises of eleven districts viz. Buldana, Akola, Washim, Amravati, Yavatmal, Wardha, Nagpur, Bhandara, Gondia, Chandrapur and Gadchiroli.

 

  1. Assured rainfall kharif crop zone (ARK) comprises of Buldana, Akola, Washim, Amravati (excluding Warud and Dhamangaon tahsil) and part of Yavatmal (Pusad and Darwha tahsils) district. Its average rainfall is 693 mm distributed in 46 rainy days. July is the most wet month with 204 mm average monthly rainfall. It is essentially a kharif crop area with predominance of cotton and kharif sorghum. These two crops occupy more than 70% of the area. Among pulses udid, mung and pigeonpea in kharif and chickpea in rabi are grown on considerably large area. However, the yield levels are low.
  2. Moderate Rainfall Zone (MR) is spread over Yavatmal (except Pusad and Darwha tahsil); Nagpur (except Bhiwapur and part of Umred tahsil); Wardha and Chandrapur (Warora, Rajura tahsil) districts. Average annual rainfall is 1133 mm distributed in 59 rainy days. Maximum monthly average rainfall (323 mm) is received in 16 rainy days in July. Cotton, sorghum and pigeonpea are major kharif crops in this zone. Rabi sorghum is grown in Warora, Rajura and Ramtek tahsil. Mung, udid and Chickpea are grown all over the zone. The average yield of pigeonpea in Amravati, Yavatmal and Wardha districts are better than rest of Vidarbha.
  3. High Rainfall Zone (HR) comprises of Bhandara, Gondia, Chandrapur, (excluding Rajura and Warora tahsil), Gadchiroli and Nagpur (Bhiwapur and part of Umred tahsil) districts. Annual rainfall ranges from 1260 mm on western side of the zone to 1700 mm on a far eastern side. Average total annual rainfall is 1402 mm with 61 rainy days. Rainy season is from June to September. However, few showers (about 50 to 60 mm) are obtained in October, which are favourable for rabi pulses. It is predominantly a paddy growing area in kharif and most of the rabi area is under pulses such as chickpea, mung, udid, lathyrus, lentil, dolichos bean etc. However, the yield levels of pulses are very poor. In general, the pulses are neglected with almost no input and least management. Majority of them are under utera condition in which lathyrus is predominant.

 

Infrastructure

12.0 ha of land and Field laboratory

 

Mandate

  1. Genetic enhancement (stable productivity potential and desirable grain quality) and development of improved varieties at pulses to suit different agro-eco- system.

  2. Development of varieties with resistance/tolerance for major biotic and abiotic stresses.

  3. Developing production technology of pulses for higher monetary returns.

  4. To develop integrated pest and diseases management technique.

  5. Introduction of non-traditional MULLaRP crops suitable for Vidarbha

 

Research Activities and Achievements

A. Mungbean

  1. TAP-7, TARM-18, AKM-8803, AKM-8802 and PKV Green gold and PKV AKM-4 for kharif planting.

  2. TARM-1 and TARM-2 for rabi planting in eastern Vidarbha.

B. Urdbean (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper)
  1. TAU-1, TAU-2, PKV Udid 15 for kharif planting
  2. Melghat (AKU-4) for rabi planting in Eastern Vidarbha.

 

Research Recommendations

Crop Production Technologies

A.Mungbean and Urdbean

  1. Pre-emergence application of Pendamethaline 0.75 kg a.i./ha followed by one hand weeding at 15 days after sowing is recommended for weed control in mung/udid.
  2. Application of Rhizobium + PSB 250 g for 10-12 kg seed is recommended for mung to reduce 50 % dose of recommended chemical fertilizer.

B. Rajmash

  1. Optimum sowing time in last week of October. However, under late planting in November, HUR-137 was found to be better.
  2. Intercropping in rajmash cv VL-63 is not economical hence sole cropping of rajma is recommended.
  3. For rajmash crop split application of N is undesirable. Hence the present recommendation of basal application (120 kg N/ha) remains unchanged present recommendation of basal application (120 kg N/ha) remains unchanged.

Crop Protection Technologies

A. Mungbean and Urdbean

  1. The application of Wettable sulphur, Carbendazim, Penconazole, Karathane 0.1 %, Thiovit 0.25 %, Sulphane 0.25 % or Elosol 0.25 % revealed superiority against powdery mildew of green gram and black gram whereas, application of Dithane M 45 was most effective against Cercospora leaf spot.
  2. The seed treatment with Trichoderma harzianum or Trichoderma viridae @ 4gm/kg seed before sowing is recommended for the management of wilt/root rot of green gram caused by Fusarium sp. and Rhizoctonia bataticola.

B. Pea

  1. Aplication of Calixin 0.3 per cent or Karathane 0.1 per cent or Thiovate 0.5 per cent or Sulphane 0.25 per cent or Bavistin 0.1 per cent is recommended for the management of powdery mildew of pea. Three sprays of any of the above fungicides at an interval of 10 days were found effective and thus recommended. First spray at the time of disease appearance and subsequently two sprays at 10 days interval were found effective.

MULLaRP Crop varieties released by Pulses Research Unit, Dr. PDKV, Akola

Sr. No
 Crop Year of release Variety Salient features
1 Mung 1982 TAP – 7 Green, bright small grain, High yielding, Resistant to powdery mildew and leaf spot
1992 AKM – 8803 Acceptable grain size, Resistance to powdery mildew.
1992 TARM – 2 Suitable for rabi in Eastern Vidarbha, Resistant to powdery mildew
1994 TARM – 1 Suitable for rabi in Eastern Vidarbha, Resistant to powdery mildew
1995 TARM – 18 Powdery mildew resistant, High yielding, Suitable for kharif cultivation
1999 AKM – 8802 Moderately resistance to powdery mildew, Bold grain
2007 PKV Green gold
( AKM – 9911)
 Short duration to suit as an intercrop, Determinate flowering and Synchronous maturity having grain yield superiority over existing varieties.
2009 PKV AKM – 4
(AKM 9904)
 High yielding , Multiple disease resistance, Identified for central and south zone of India under AICRP on MULLaRP
2 Udid 1884 TAU – 1 High yielding, Moderately resistant to powdery mildew
1990 TAU – 2 High yielding, Non-shattering, Resistant to drought.
1994 AKU – 4
(Melghat)
 Suitable for rabi in EVZ, bold grain, powdery mildew resistant
2005 PKV Udid 15
(AKU – 15)
 Tolerant to powdery mildew in early stage. Free from yellow mosaic virus, an alternative to TAU-1
3 Lablab bean 2002 AKLB – 9306 Determinate, Bushy type

 

Contact Information

Dr. Ashok N. Patil
Senior Research Scientist
Pulses Research Unit
Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth
Krishi Nagar, Akola – 444 104, Maharashtra

Email: srspulses@pdkv.ac.in

Phone : (O) – 0724/2259391

January 6th, 2014 Comments Off on All India Crop Improvement Project (Sorghum), Akola

All India Crop Improvement Project (Sorghum), Akola

 

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About Project

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Faculty Information

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Agro Climatic Information

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Infrastructure Facilities

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Mandate

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Research Activities

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Research Achievements

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Research Recommendations

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Contact Information

 

About Project

During 1975 ICAR New Delhi has sanctioned a small sub center at Akola with one post of Sorghum breeder, three posts of Senior Research Assistant and four posts of Agricultural Assistant on the financial assistance of 25.75 basis. One small scheme with one post of striga physiologist was granted under PL-480 programme in the year 1975. This scheme was in operation for five year and then discontinued. During 1979-80 State Government of Maharashtra approved a scheme on strengthening of Sorghum Research at Akola with some technical and supporting staff.
The systematic research programme with coordinated approach was started from 1980.During 1990 ICAR launched special project on “Promotion of Research and development Efforts on Hybrids in selected crops”. Under this project, Akola center was included in 1991. Two contractual Research Associates and some contingencies were provided under this project. Later on from April., 1999 the said project is converted in NATP Mission Mode Project on “ Development of Hybrids- Rabi sorghum” and only one Research Associate and some contingencies were provided under NATP scheme to this center. This project was discontinued on 31st December, 2003.
From July 1999, an Adhoc project on ‘ Development of multicut forage Sorghum Hybrids’ was sanctioned by ICAR. Under this scheme, one research Associate and some recurring contingencies has been provided to this center .This scheme was sanctioned for the period of three year and commenced from 1st July 1999 and discontinued on 30th June 2003..During June 2000, four NATP schemes under Production System Research ( PSR) mode were sanctioned and allotted to Sorghum research Unit . presently, All India Crop Improvement Project( Sorghum) funded by ICAR and State Non plan ( Kharif Sorghum) schemes are operational at Sorghum Research Unit Dr, P.D.K.V.Akola.

 

Agro Climatic Information

Sorghum in Vidarbha is cultivated in three Agro – ecological zones viz. Western Vidarbha zone with 700 – 950 mm rainfall , Central Vidarbha zone with 950 – 1250 mm rainfall and Eastern Vidarbha zone with 1250 – 1700 mm rainfall . The cultivation of Kharif sorghum is mostly concentrated in Western, Central and part of eastern Vidarbha zone. Whereas, rabi sorghum is mostly cultivated in buldhan district of western vidarbha zone and Chandrapur district of eastern vidarbha zone.

 

Infrastructure

The sorghum Research Unit is situated at Central Research Station, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth , Akola (M.S) . The land, laboratory and other facilities are available with this research unit .

 

Mandate and Objectives

The main mandate given to this center was development of hybrids/varieties and package of practices for Kharif sorghum. In addition to that, the center has been concentrating on rabi, forage, sweet sorghum and Wani Sorghum (grain for parching purpose) improvement activities.

Accordingly the research programme has been planned and undertaken with following objectives.

A. Sorghum Breeding

Kharif

  1. Breeding early and mid late maturity male sterile lines and Restorer lines for development of potential hybrids.
  2. Breeding early hybrids/ varieties for drought prone areas and development of new hybrids / varieties with midlate maturity ( 115 to 120 days) for assured rainfall areas.
  3. Breeding for grain mold tolerance/ resistance.
  4. Breeding for shoot fly tolerance/ resistance.

Rabi

  1. Development of rabi adopted, shoot fly & drought tolerant, male sterile lines.
  2. Development of rabi adopted, shoot fly & drought tolerant and early maturing restorers and varieties.
  3. To develop rabi adopted, shoot fly tolerant, photo insensitive, drought tolerant hybrids.

Forage Sorghum

  1. To develop high yielding single cut and multicut forage sorghum hybrids and varieties with good regeneration and better tillering capacity.
  2. To breed nutritionally better hybrids and varieties having more protein and IVDMD percent.

Sweet sorghum and Wani Sorghum

  1. Development and evaluation of sweet sorghum varieties for high yield and better quality.
  2. Development and evaluation of wani Sorghum (Sorghum for parching purpose), for high yield and better quality.

B. Agronomy

  1. Developing package of practices for newly developed hybrids and varieties
  2. Developing low cost input management in sorghum.
  3. Developing sorghum based stable cropping system.
  4. Studies on integrated nutrient management in sorghum based cropping system.
  5. ‘N’ economy through green manuring, biofertilizer and organic manuring

C. Entomology

  1. Screening of sorghum hybrids/varieties against major pests of sorghum.
  2. Screening of breeding materials for resistance to shoot fly and stem borer
  3. Evaluation of new insecticides, bio-pesticides and plant products for the control of major pests in IPM program.

D. Plant Pathology

  1. Screening the breeding material and varieties of sorghum for grain mold and of other major diseases.
  2. Developing plant protection schedule for control of major sorghum diseases.

 

Research Activities

A. Ongoing Research work ( Breeding Programme)

Kharif

1. Shoot fly resistance breeding programme.

  1. Development of new shootyfly resistance male sterile lines
  2. Development of new shootfly resistance Restorers lines.
  3. Development of new shootfly resistance hybrids/varieties.
2. Grain mold resistance breeding programme.
  1. Development of new grain mold resistance male sterile lines.
  2. Development of new grain mold resistance restorers lines.
  3. Development of new grain mold resistance hybrids/varieties.
3. Grain breeding programme.
  1. Development of new male sterile lines for higher yield & better grain quality.
  2. Development of new restorer lines for higher yield & better grain quality.
  3. Development of new hybrids/ varieties for higher yield & better grain quality.
4. Maintaince and evaluation of germplasm, male sterile lines (ms) and restorer lines.
5. Evaluation of hybrids/varieties in initial testing trials of (University /AICSIP ) for higher yield & better grain quality.
6. Evaluation hybrids/ varieties in advance testing trials of (University/ AICSIP) for higher yield & better grain quality.
7. Nucleus, breeders & foundation seed production programmes.
 
Rabi
 
1. Rabi grain breeding programme.
  1. Development of new male sterile lines for higher yield & better grain quality.
  2. Development of new restorer lines for higher yield & better grain quality.
  3. Development of new hybrids/ varieties for higher yield & better grain quality.
2. Maintenance and evaluation of rabi germplasm.
3. Evaluation of varieties and hybrids in initial testing
4. Evaluation of varieties & hybrids in advance testing trials (University & AICSIP) for higher yield and better quality.
5. Evaluation of varieties & hybrids in State level testing programme for higher yield and better quality.
6. Evaluation of varieties and hybrids in multilocation testing (University & AICSIP) for higher yield and better quality.
 
B. Forage Sorghum Research programme
  1. Maintaiance & evaluation of germplasm.
  2. Development of MS lines & R lines
  3. Breeding for Single cut & Multi cut varieties / hybrids.
  4. Evaluation of varieties/hybrids in initial testing trials of University & AISCIP for high yield & better quality.
  5. Evaluation of varieties/hybrids (single cut) in advance testing trials of University & AISCIP for high yield & better quality.
  6. Evaluation of varieties/hybrids (Multicut) in initial testing trials of University & AISCIP for high yield & better quality.
  7. Evaluation of varieties/hybrids (Multicut) in advance testing trials of University & AISCIP for high yield & better quality.
Agronomy
  1. Studies on response of advanced/pre-released grain sorghum and sweet sorghum genotypes to different fertility levels under rainfed condition.
  2. Internal diversification in sorghum based inter crop by system.
  3. Evaluation of promising sorghum hybrids and varieties for intercropping system.
  4. Studies on tillage, integrated nutrient management, micronutrients management, weed management practices and moisture conservation practices for sorghum.
  5. Maximization of Kharif sorghum yield. (Grain & Sweet Sorghum).
  6. Demonstrating the yield potential of improved varieties and hybrids and new technology on famers field through front line demostation.
Sorghum Pathology
  1. Survey for disease situation (Major diseases of sorghum & grain mold) at different locations in the region.
  2. Screening & evaluation of sorghum genotypes for major sorghum diseases in the region.
    (Advance, Initial, State level & AICSIP material).
  3. a. Grain mold.
    b. Foliar diseases.
    c. Earhead disease.
  4. Screening & evaluation of newly developed genotypes and breeding material against grain mold and other important diseases.
  5. Identification and Selection of grain mold resistance lines for further exploitation.

 

Research Achievements

Hybdrids Released at National Level
    Variety and salient features

CSH_14

 

   CSH_14

  1. Released during 1992 ( notified).
  2. Early maturing (100-105 days)
  3. It is a replacement for CSH- 1 & CSH- 6.
  4. It has high grain yield potential of 48-50 q/ha & Fodder yield is 85-90q/ha.
  5. It is early & medium height.
  6. Second crop is also possible after its harvest.
  7. Best suitable for intercropping and ratoon crop.

 

 

 

CSH- 19 R

 

   CSH- 19 R

  1. Released during 2000 ( notified).
  2. Suitable for deep soil in irrigated area.
  3. It matures in 115-120 day.
  4. It gives grain yield of 38 – 40 q/ha and fodder yield of 80 -85 q/ha.
  5. Its grain quality is similar to Maldandi 35-1.

 

 

 

 

 

SPH- 388

 

   SPH- 388

  1. Released during 1988 (notified).
  2. It is mid late (100 to 150 days) Kharif hybrid.
  3. It is a supplementary hybrid to CSH- 9.
  4. Its gives grain yield of 48-50 q/ha and fodder yield is 120-125 q/ha
  5. It is the best hybrid for heavy soil .
  6. It is a easy for seed production.

 

 

 

SPH – 840

 

   SPH – 840

  1. Released during 1988 (notified).
  2. This medium maturity hybrids (110-115 days).
  3. It has high grain yield of 48-50 q/ha and fodder yield 105-110q/ha.
  4. It is suitable for ratoon crop.

 

 

 

 

 
Varieties Released at State Level

ramteki

 

   Improved Ramteki

  1. Released during 1988 (notified).
  2. It is fodder sorghum variety ( Single cut).
  3. The variety become ready for cutting in 75-80 days (green fodder) & matures in 135- 140 days(Dry fodder ).
  4. It has potential of 400-450 q/ha of green fodder.
  5. Seed production – grain yield 20 -22 q/ha.
  6. It is best for Kharif as well as summer season for single cut.

 

 

spv-669

 

   SPV- 669

  1. Released during 1988 (notified).
  2. It matures in115-120 days.
  3. It has multiple tolerance against shootfly, stem borer, midgefly and drought.
  4. It gives grain yield 38-40 q/ha and fodder yield 120-125 q/ha.
  5. Excellent grain & roti quality.

 

 

 

 

pkv-kranti

 

   PKV Kranti ( AKSV – 13 R)

  1. Released during 2004 (notified).
  2. Suitable for rabi season in Maharashtra.
  3. It gives grain yield 25 to 30 q/ha & fodder yield 70 q/ha.
  4. Suitable for rainfed and irrigated condition.
  5. Tolerant to shoot fly, stem borer & leaf blight.

 

 

 

akssv-22

 

   AKSSV – 22

  1. Released during 2006 (notified).
  2. It has higher total fresh biomass (S4-94q/ha) than check SSV- 84 and RSSV
  3. It has grain yield 12 – 14 q/ha. & fodder yield 400- 410 q/ha.
  4. It has 11.5 to 12% sugar in juice.
  5. Alcohol yield from cane juice 1450 to 1500 lit/ha.
  6. Alcohol yield from grain 1850 to 1870 lit/ha.
  7. Juice yield 11 to 12 thousand lit/ha.
  8. Higher juice extrenten Percentage (29.20%) & higher TSQ index ( 15.16).

 

 

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pkv-ashwini

 

   PKV Ashwini ( W- 11/6)

  1. Released during 2006 (notified).
  2. It is earner than malkapur wani.
  3. It gives green hurda yield 42-43 q/ha & green fodder yield 214 q/ha.
  4. It has Shown an increase in sugar % in grains
  5. hence, it is more sweet than malkapur wani..
  6. It has easy thresh ability with desirable fragrance.

 

 

Contact Information

Senior Research Scientist
Sorghum Research Unit
Dr. P.D.K.V. Akola.
Office No. 0724- 2258756

 
January 6th, 2014 Comments Off on AICRP on Cotton, Akola

AICRP on Cotton, Akola

 

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About Station

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Agro Climatic Information

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Infrastructure

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Mandate
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Objectives
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Scientists
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Projects operating at station
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Research Activities and Achievements
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Research Recommendations
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Transfer of Technologies

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Contact Information

 

About Station

cotton bldg

The world textile industries are being ruled by “King Cotton”. The antiquity of cotton has been traced to the fourth millennium BC. The fabric pieces from “Mohenjodaro” excavations were found to made up of cotton. For over three thousand years (1500 BC to 1700 AD), India was recognized as cradle of cotton industry. India thus enjoys the distinction of being the earliest country in the world to domesticate cotton and utilize its fibre to manufacture fabric. India is the 2nd largest producer of cotton in the world. India accounts for approximately 25 per cent of world’s cotton area and 16 per cent of total cotton production. Maharashtra is the important cotton growing state in India with 31.33 lakh ha area and production of 62.00 lakh bales (2008-09).

About 3 million farmers are engaged in cotton cultivation in the state mostly in backward region of Marathwada and Vidarbha. Cotton enjoys a free eminent status among all cash crop in the country, being a principal raw material for a flourishing textile industry which accounts for nearly 20 per cent of the total national industrial production and provides employment to over 15 million people.

In Vidarbha region, cotton is the most important cash crop grown on an area of 13.00 lakh ha with production of 27 lakh bales of cotton (2008-09). The productivity of cotton is low (350 kg/ha) in Vidarbha as compared to national (502 kg/ha). The main reason for the low productivity of cotton in Vidarbha is its dependence on the monsoon rain and about 95 to 98 per cent area is under rain-fed cultivation.

The “Cotton Research Unit” was established in the university with inception of ICAR centre under “All India Coordinated Cotton Improvement Project” in 1972 for development of high yielding varieties and hybrids of American and Deshi cotton suitable for rain-fed situation of Vidarbha region and development of low cost cultivation technology along with effective and cheapest plant protection measures.

“All India Coordinated Cotton Improvement Project” (AICCIP) started at Cotton Research Unit, and another scheme “Integrated Cotton Development Project” (ICDP) was also sanctioned by state government since 1978 to strengthen the research work on cotton.

 

Agro Climatic Information

Akola is situated at an elevation of 307.4 meter above the mean sea level at 220 42’ North latitude and 770 02’ East longitude and has subtropical climate. Normal rainfall of 0.2 mm in 41.2 rainy days received at Akola centre. Rainfall received during four months i.e. June to Sept. maximum temperature ranges between 29.0 0C to 47.2 0C. April, May and 1st week of June are the hottest period in which temperature ranges between 33 0C to 44 0C. However, in the month of December and January maximum temp is below 30 0C. The minimum temp ranges between 10.3 to 27.6 0C. Bright sunshine hours ranges between 3.3 to 8.8 hours in rainy season sunshine hours are less (3.3 to 4.5 hours) wind speed in the range of 4.9 to 9.1 km/hour during January to April, However, it is more onwards April up to Sept. (10 to 16.2 km/hour). Relative humidity 10 % during summer and maximum in Rainy season i.e. 88 %. Evaporation rate is maximum during summer (17.3 mm/day) and minimum in the month December and January (402 to 5.2 mm day).

 

Infrastructure

The Cotton Research Unit, Dr. PDKV, Akola has well developed infrastructural facilities like,

  • Twenty four hector land is allotted to Cotton Research Unit.
  • Soil chemistry laboratory at office building.
  • Own independent Office building at Central Research Station campus.
  • Field laboratory and field office are under construction and will be completed soon.
  • Tractor (one) for farm cultivation.
  • Jeep (one) for monitoring multilocation trials, seed production plots and visiting the farmers’ field.
  • Various instruments required during the research by different disciplines.
  • Computer Unit, Fax and Xerox machines are available.

 

Mandate

  • To develop high yielding varieties and hybrids suitable for rainfed situation in Vidarbha region.

  • To develop suitable Agro-techniques to achieve maximum yield and monitory benefit.

  • To develop effective and cheapest plant protection schedule.

 

Objectives

  • Test different cotton varieties and advanced breeding lines for its suitability and their screening for location specific adaptability

  • Identify and develop varieties of cotton of the region for resistance to pests and diseases, early maturity and drought tolerance characteristics

  • Improve cotton crop productivity for better monetary return by developing suitable cropping systems under given farming situation

 

Projects Operating at Station

  • Development and promotion of medium and long linted diploid cottons (G.arboreum and G.herbaceum)

  • Development and promotion of Bt transgenic cotton for bollworm resistance.

  • Development of production technologies for Bt cotton and improvement of water and nutrient use efficiency with precision farming techniques.

  • Development and validation of IPM, IRM strategies for conventional and Bt cotton under different ecosystem.

  • Nucleus and breeder seed production of cotton varieties and parents of hybrids.

  • Insect pest resistance management.

  • National information system for pest management-Bt-cotton.

 

Research Activities and Achievements

Cotton Breeding

  • Fundamental research including the interspecific breeding by use of wild species of cotton such as G. anomalum, G. raimondii, G. thurberi, G. aridum, etc. was carried out to enlarge the gene pool and to find out the suitable sources of male sterility for heterosis breeding programme and to introgress the various characters.
  • Breeding for clean seeded characters: Development of high yielding clean seeded varieties to facilitate high oil recovery, easy processing and to avoid mechanical delinting in both deshi and American cottons.
  • Breeding for high yielding superior medium to long staple cotton varieties in both deshi and American cottons.
  • Breeding for high ginning percentage and big boll varieties of both G. hirsutum and G. arboreum cottons.
  • Heterosis breeding programme for the development of high yielding medium/long staple, short/long duration American cotton hybrids with resistant/tolerane to major pests, diseases and drought using available male sterile sources (CMS/GMS).
  • Heterosis breeding for development of high yielding medium to long staple deshi cotton hybrids based on male sterility techniques.
  • Breeding for tolerance/resistance to different pests and diseases in diploid and tetraploid cottons.
  • Breeding for high g/tex at 3.2 mm gauge tenacity in hirsutum varieties and hybrids
  • Development of suitable for mechanical/rainfed cultivation in both American and arboreum cottons.
  • Improvement of fibre properties in diploid cotton.
  • Evaluation of advanced breeding material for incorporation in Multilocation trials.
  • Conduct of University, State and National Multilocation trials.

Cotton Entomology

  • Screening of breeding material for their recognition against pest of cotton
  • Development of suitable, economic and effective pest control measures for major pests of cotton.
  • Observations on the occurrence of key pests of cotton.

Cotton Agronomy

  • Optimization of nutrient requirement and plant geometry for Bt cotton.
  • Agronomic requirement of promising / pre-released / recently released hirsutum and arboretum genotypes.
  • Foliar application of nutrients on growth and yield of Bt cotton.
  • Management of leaf reddening in Bt cotton.
  • Agronomic evaluation of Bt cotton hybrid under varied crop geometry and NPK levels under rainfed conditions.
  • Integrated rain water and nutrient management for improvement in productivity and fibre quality of Bt cotton.
  • Precision application of irrigation and fertilizer through drip on productivity and fibre quality of Bt cotton.
  • Synchronising N and K supply with Bt cotton demand to enhance fertilizer use efficiency.
  • Studies on soil olant narrations in intercropped kharif legumes with Bt cotton under rainfed conditions.
  • Evaluation of various modules for cotton production.
  • Evaluation of various products in relation to cotton production.
  • Maximization of yield potential of various released / promising varieties and hybrids of cotton.

Cotton Pathology

  • Screening of cotton breeding material against major and minor diseases of cotton.
  • Epidemological studies on cotton diseases in farmer’s and research farms.
  • To find out suitable and effective disease control measures through integrated disease managements.

Research Achievements

  • Evolution of new genetic male sterility in Gossypium arboreum diploid cotton.

To ease the hybrid seed production in diploid cotton male sterility is one of the means for utilization of heterosis. At present only two sources of genetic male sterility in deshi cotton are available, one from Hisar and onther from Dr. P.D.K.V., Akola which is developed by utilizing a wild species G. anomalum. This new source of genetic male sterility is utilized for the development and release of two hybrids viz, PKV DH-1 released in 2002 and PKV Suvarna (AKDH-5) released in 2006. This new genetic male sterility system has been utilized for the diversification of 87 GMS lines for the heterosis-breeding programme.

  • Diversification of CMS using G.harknessii source.

Diversified large number of cytoplasmic male sterile lines and restorers developed in G.harknessii background in tetraploid cotton. In G.harknessii cytoplasm stable 55 CMS lines and 23 restorers were developed and are being utilized in hybrid breeding programme.

  • Development and utilization of alternate source of CMS.

In cotton, G.harknessii is the only source for cytoplasmic male sterility. Therefore there may be danger of uniformity and narrow genetic base. To overcome these problems, the attempt was made at Dr. PDKV, Akola to develop alternate source of cytoplasmic male sterility in cotton and successfully developed an alternate source of cytoplasmic male sterility in tetraploid cotton by using a wild species, G.aridum. By using this alternate source of cytoplasmic male sterility diversified 11 stable CMS lines and one restorer line of good agronomic base have been developed.

  • Utilization of GMS in tetraploid cotton.

The digenic genetic male sterility has been used for the development of GMS lines in tetraploid cotton and diversified three genetic male sterile lines for the heterosis-breeding programme in tetraploid cotton.

  • Development of introgressed lines using wild species.

The wild species G.anomalum , G.raimondii , G.thurberi and G.aridum have been used in diploid and tetraploid cotton for the enhancement of gene pool having high yielding potential, resistance to biotic and abiotic stressesm, good fibre qualities and identification and incorporation of marker genes into inbred lines.

  • Lines registered

The CMS Line CAK-84635 A (PKV Rajat) and its maintainer AK-84635 B have been registered with NBPGR, New Delhi as a Genotype with G.aridum cytoplasm Vide registration no, INGR. No.04046 and National Identities IC – 296639 and IC-296640, respectively. In addition to all the released cotton varieties and parents of hybrids registered.

 

Research Recommendations (Approved in AGRESCO)

The various recommendations have been given by the various disciplines while working with the cotton. These recommendations are useful from the farmers’ point of view. The discipline wise recommendations made from the inception of the project are as given below,

Cotton Agronomy

A. Sowing Time:

  1. Pre monsoon irrigated cotton should be sown between 20th to 30th May.
  2. Dry Sowing of straight varieties were found beneficial to increase Seed Cotton Yield over monsoon sowing.
  3. For monsoon sowing, early sowing between 24th and 25th meteorological week (11th to 24th June) was found optimum. Early sowing with commencement of monsoon rains is desirable. Delay in sowing from optimum time of sowing even by a week reduces the seed cotton yield to the extent of 10 to 20 per cent.
  4. Under limited availability of water, this Cotton Research Unit has developed a low cost technology popularly known as ‘crow-bar technology’ through which sowing can be achieved with least amount of water. This technology gives 70 to 100 per cent more yield than monsoon sowing. This technique was further refined and recommended as below:
    a) Apply one third of Nitrogen and full dose of P2O5 and K2O of the recommended dose (100:50:50 Kg NPK ha-1) at the time of sowing and remaining Nitrogen in two equal splits (30 and 60 days after sowing).
    b) It was also found that 40 per cent reduction in water application did not significantly reduce the yield over normal crow-bar method.
  5. Raising of cotton seedlings in polythene bags and subsequently transplanting in the field after commencement of monsoon increased the cotton yield by 40 per cent as compared to monsoon sowing.

B. Planting Pattern and Plant Population:

  1. Paired row planting (90 X 30 cm) of Hirsutum cotton with 50 Kg Nitrogen + 25 Kg P2O5 ha-1 with 56 thousand plants per hectare gave optimum yield of seed cotton.
  2. A dwarf and early duration variety AKH 081 responded well to higher plant population. Hence spacing of 60 X 15 cm is recommended for this variety.
  3. For getting maximum seed cotton yield a sowing distance of 60 X 30 cm and fertilizer dose of 50:25:0 NPK kgha-1 are recommended to Hirsutum cotton variety PKV Rajat (AKH 84635)
  4. For cotton hybrid CAHH 468 a sowing distance of 60 X 90 cm and fertilizer dose of 50:25:25 NPK kgha-1 are recommended under rainfed condition.
  5. Under rainfed condition sowing distance of 60 X 60 cm and fertilizer dose of 50:25:25 NPK kgha-1 are recommended to American cotton hybrid PKV Hy 4 and PKV Hy 5.
  6. A sowing distance of 60 X 15 cm and fertilizer dose of 30:15:0 NPK kgha-1 are recommended to Arboreum cotton verities AKA 5, AKA 7 and AKA 8 for getting maximum seed cotton yield under rainfed condition.
  7. For mechanical cultivation a seeding distance of 96 X 30 cm is recommended to improved cotton variety PKV Rajat for getting maximum yield under drip irrigation.

C. Soil and Rain Water Management:

  1. Method of paired row planting with opening of deep furrows at 60 to 70 days after sowing was effective in increasing the yield. The method of ridging with every inter-culture was also beneficial.
  2. On sloppy land sowing on ridges on 0.2 per cent slope gave more yield than sowing across the slope.
  3. Opening of furrows (after two rows) at seeding or at 30 days after sowing is essential for improving moisture status of the soil and boosting crop yield in both contour sowing and sowing across the main slope.
  4. From the toposequance study of micro water shed, it was observed that on a sloppy field instead of growing cotton crop on entire field, it is profitable to take cotton on upper toposequance (80 % area) and soybean – chick pea crop sequence on lower toposequance (20 % area).
  5. In shallow soil (soil depth less than 22 cm) it is recommended to sow a dwarf and early cotton variety AKH 081 at 60 X 15 cm spacing for getting higher seed cotton yield under rainfed condition instead of cotton hybrids and other varieties.
    6. Two protective irrigations at flowering and boll setting increased the yield by 16.8 per cent over no protective irrigation treatment.

D. Fertilizer Management:

  1. A fertilizer dose of 100:50:50 NPK kgha-1 is recommended for getting maximum seed cotton yield of irrigated hybrid cotton (pre-monsoon sowing).
  2. Under rainfed condition a fertilizer dose of 50:25:25 NPK kgha-1 is recommended for hybrid cotton.
  3. For Hirsutum straight varieties a fertilizer dose of 50:25:0 NPK kgha-1 is recommended
  4. A fertilizer dose of 30:15:0 NPK kgha-1 is recommended for Arboreum varieties.
  5. Basal dose of fertilizer should be applied at the time of sowing. If delayed by 15 and 30 days, reduced the yield by 6.0 and 14.3 per cent respectively.
  6. A spot application of manures and fertilizers (RDF) to cotton crop is advantageous.
  7. Fertilizer application by ring method or spot application at three places increased the yield by 12.2 and 10.5 per cent respectively as compared to broadcasting method.
  8. Among the various Nitrogen management practices half of the recommended N at sowing and half at square formation recorded maximum seed cotton yield and cost benefit ratio of rain fed cotton.

E. Integrated Nutrient Management:

  1. Inoculation of seed with azotobactor bio-fertilizer recorded 7.9 per cent increased seed cotton yield of deshi cotton variety AKA 8401 than control. The treatment having recommended dose of Nitrogen gave 11.0 and 29.3 per cent higher seed cotton yield respectively over 75 per cent and 50 per cent recommended Nitrogen application.
  2. Application of FYM @ 5 t ha-1 along with low fertilizer dose of 25:12.5 N and P ha-1 is recommended for cotton variety AKH 081 grown under shallow soil (less than 25 cm) to get maximum monetary benefit in rainfed condition.
  3. An application of 50 per cent RDF (25:12.5 kg N and P ha-1) and either FYM or glyricidia green foliage lopping at 30 days after emergence @ 5 tha-1 is recommended to get higher seed cotton yield and net monetary returns with the added benefit of improving physico-chemical properties of soil under rainfed condition.
  4. An organic and in-organic fertilizer experiment of treatment having recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) recorded more yield followed by 50 per cent RDF + 5 t FYM ha-1 and 50 per cent RDF + glyricidia foliage lopping compared to other treatments. Organic manure resulted in increasing organic carbon content and available N and P2O5 content of soil.

F. Weed Management:

  1. A critical period of weed crop competition was found to be as 3 to 9 weeks after sowing during which it is necessary to keep the crop weed free for getting higher yield. A loss in seed cotton yield under unweeded control was to the extent of 85 per cent when compared with normal hand weeding.
  2. Normal weeding and inter-culture recorded maximum seed cotton yield. A Pre and post emergence spray of diuron weedicide @ 0.75 kg ha-1 was effective in controlling weeds as compared to other chemical weed control treatments.
  3. For control of weeds and increase in seed cotton yield application of 1.5 kgha-1 of pendemethalin or fluchloralin combined with one weeding or one hoeing at 30 days after sowing is recommended.
  4. Fluchloralin @ 1.5 kg a.i.ha-1 + one hoeing 30 days after sowing is recommended for weed control in cotton – green gram interculturing system.

G. Intercropping:

  1. Intercrops like green gram, black gram, soybean and groundnut reduced the yield of seed cotton as compared to sole cotton crop. Yield reduction was more with soybean as intercrop. Groundnut and green gram were observed to be the good intercrops in cotton (AHH 468) for getting maximum monetary returns.
  2. Green gram and black gram are identified as suitable intercrops in Arboreum cotton variety AKA 8401 (90 X 20 cm spacing).
  3. The seed cotton yield was maximum in sole cotton crop and it was reduced by 9.3, 24.6 and 50.5 per cent when intercropped with black gram, green gram and soybean respectively. However GMR was higher in cotton + green gram and cotton + black gram as compared to sole cotton in variety PKV 84635 (Rajat).
  4. Sowing of black gram and green gram as intercrops in early and dwarf cotton variety AKH 081 is recommended to get higher monetary returns.

H. Cropping System Research:

  1. For getting higher monetary returns and meeting the need of food, fodder and fuel of farmers cotton + sorghum + pigeon pea + sorghum (6:1:2:1) three tier intercropping system is recommended under rainfed situation.
  2. Cotton + green gram (1:1) intercropping system recorded higher GMR than sole crop
  3. Intercropping in cotton variety MCU 5 with green gram and cowpea with recommended dose of fertilizer to cotton crop was found beneficial on monetary basis as well as for yield stability
  4. Cotton – groundnut (summer) crop sequence gave highest net returns and has been recommended for getting higher monetary returns under irrigated condition with adequate inputs.

I. Crop Canopy Management:

  1. Two sprays of 2 per cent urea concentration with planofix (1 ml in 4.5 litre water) at flowering and boll formation stages found to be promising for getting higher yield.
  2. Two sprays of planofix (NAA) at the commencement of flowering and 50 per cent flowering should be given to get high yield of seed cotton.
  3. Foliar spraying of 2 per cent urea at flowering and 2 per cent DAP at boll development stages recorded maximum hybrid seed production followed by two sprays of urea 2 per cent + DAP 2 per cent combination.
  4. In detopping experiment it was observed that seed cotton yield under manually detopping of PKV Rajat at flowering and no detopping were statistically similar under rainfed situation. Spraying of cycoceal did not show favourable influence in respect to seed cotton yield, however plant height was significantly reduced by 14 to 29.6 per cent with the use of cycoceal. Spraying of 20 ppm NAA and 2 per cent urea at flowering and 2 per cent DAP at boll development stages produced 16.7 and 18.3 per cent higher seed cotton yield over control. Cycoceal spraying treatment resulted in maximum square production but boll retention percentage was maximum with detopping treatment.
  5. For cotton crop 4.5 ppm available iron content in soil and 281 ppm in youngest mature leaf at square initiation stage be considered as critical levels for application of iron.

Cotton Entomology

A. Economic Importance:

The yield losses caused by sucking pests, bollworm, bollworms and sucking pests were 4.61 per cent, 51.30 per cent and 51.53 per cent respectively indicating the importance of control of bollworms in cotton production.

B. Chemical Control of Pests:

1. Sucking Pests:

  • Effective control of jassids could be obtained by the use of 0.1 % carbaryl followed by 0.04 % malathion + 0.1 % carbaryl in combination.
  • While studying the performance of new insecticides against sucking pests of cotton it was observed that Helitox (0.2 %), Phosphamidon (0.02 %), Monocrotophos (0.03 %) and Carbaryl (0.2 %) were found promising amongst the insecticides tried.
  • Monocrotophos 0.06 % was found to be most effective in controlling the nymphal population of aphids, jassids and thrips in cotton.
  • ETL based spraying of Dimethoate 30 EC @ 10 ml OR Methyl Demeton 25 EC @ 8 ml OR Acetamiprid 20 SP @ 1.5 g mixed in 10 liters of water effectively control aphid, jassids and thrips population.
  • ETL based spraying of Methyl Demeton 25 EC @ 40 ml OR Monocrotophos 36 EC @ 28 ml OR Dimethoate 30 EC @ 33 ml OR Triazophos 25EC @ 10 ml OR Fenpropethrin 50 EC@ 10 ml mixed in 10 liters of water effectively control white fly population.

2. Bollworms:

  • Application of monocrotophos at 0.1 % and 0.12 % was found effective in controlling bollworms of cotton.
  • Quinalphos 0.05 %, Carbaryl 10.0 % dust @ 20 kg ha-1, Sevimol 0.2 %, Phosalon 0.05 % dust @ 20 kg ha-1, Monocrotophos 0.06 %, Dicrotophos 0.05 % and Tamaron 0.1 % were found effective in controlling the bollworms of cotton.
  • From the studies to see the efficacy of modern synthetic pyrethroids in comparison with Carbaryl (0.2 %) against bollworm of cotton (Variety H – 4), the treatment with Cypermethrin (0.01 %) was the best followed by Fenvalerate (0.01 %), Decamethrin (0.0025 %), Permethrin (Permasect) 0.01 % and Permethrin (Ambush) 0.01 % in order of merit.
  • Spraying of synthetic pyrethroids alternated with organo-phosphates was recommended for the control of bollworm complex on cotton on the basis of trials conducted for three years.
  • Studies on the efficacy of newer insecticides against cotton bollworm (Variety PKV Hy 2) indicated that the treatment with Flucythrinate (0.005 %) was the best followed by decamethrin (0.002 %) and fenpropethrin (0.015 %) and were at par with each other.
  • Alphamethrin 25 g. a.i. per hectare was recommended for control of bollworm complex on cotton.
  • Spraying of Spinosad 45 SC @ 0.01 % for the management of American and spotted bollworm on cotton and beta-cyfluthrin 2.5 EC @ 0.0025 % for the management of pink bollworm is recommended

C. Integrated Pest Management:

  • From the studies on determination of economic threshold level of bollworm on cotton variety L 147 (Rainfed) it was concluded that 5 per cent injury level should be the basis for giving insecticidal treatment against bollworms.
  • The economic threshold level for bollworms on cotton variety AHH 468 was worked out to be 5 per cent and it was recommended that 5 per cent injury level of bollworms should be taken into consideration in protecting the cotton crop from bollworm attack.
  • It was recommended that the following plant protection packages should be adopted as eco- friendly and economical for effective integrated management of pests of hybrid cotton:
    a) Imidacloprid 70 WS seed treatment @ 10 gm / kg seed before sowing
    b) One spray of recommended systemic insecticide for sucking pests based on ETL if required
    c) Two releases of Trichogramma chilonis egg parasitoid @ 1.5 lakh per hectare at 45 to 50 and 55 to 60 days after sowing
    d) One spray of HaNPV @ 500 LE per hectare
    e) One spray of neem seed extract 5 %
    f) Need based one or two sprays of recommended insecticides for bollworms based on ET level.
  • For effective, efficient and economical integrated pest management in rain fed cotton following revised IPM module was recommended:
    a) Thiomethoxam 70 WS seed treatment @ 4.28 gm/kg seed before sowing
    b) One spray of Acetamiprid 20 SP @ 15 g a.i. / ha for sucking pests based on ET level
    c) Two releases of Trichogramma chilonis egg parasitoid @ 1.5 lakh per hectare at 45 to 50 and 55 to 60 days after germination
    d) For bollworms ETL based one spray each of Azadirachtin 300 ppm @ 5 ml / L, Spinosad 45 SC @ 50 g. a.i. / ha and beta-cyfluthrin 2.5 EC @ 0.0025 %

D. In General Chemical Control:

  • Six sprayings of insecticide + fungicide (Copper Oxychloride 50 WP @ 0.25 %) was found beneficial in protecting cotton crop from pests and diseases.
  • EC formulations were found superior to ULV formulations in reducing the bollworm damage and recording higher yield per hectare.

Cotton Pathology

A. Survey

Bacterial blight followed by grey mildew of cotton were found as major leaf spot diseases of hirsutum cotton. The arboreum group was least affected by bacterial blight but found highly susceptible to grey mildew. The alterneria and mirothecium leaf spot were observed as minor diseases.

B. Disease reaction

Dahiya disease caused by Ramularia gossypii (speg) cif. can affect G. arboreum, G. hirsutum, G. herbaceum, G. barbadense and wild diploid species of cotton showing variable reactions. The disease incidence was observed at 9th, 10th, 11th and 12th week growth stage with maximum at 9th week stage.

C. Host plant resistance

  1. During Fusarium wilt screening in artificial epiphytotic conditions 24 different varieties / strains of Akola Centre, AKA 8808 was found moderately resistant. Susceptible reaction was shown by all except AKA 8401 and AKA 8307 where they were found moderately susceptible reaction.
  2. While screening 30 promising varieties / hybrids / strains of arboreum and hirsutum group against grey mildew disease in artificial conditions, none was found disease free. Variety DHY 286 was shown moderately resistant reaction during 1991 – 94 screening period.
  3. Among 345 hirsutum and 231 arboreum strains screened against bacterial blight none of the strain was found immune to disease.
  4. The Israel hybrids screened viz. Eldad, HA 195, Omari, GAHB 202, HA 34 and N 431 were found highly susceptible to collar rot in rainfed conditions and highly susceptible to bacterial blight grown under rainfed as well as in irrigated conditions both.

D. Pathogen race identification

Race No. 10 of bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv malvacearum (now Xanthomonas oxanopodis pv malvacearum) was identified from various varieties / hybrids grown in Cotton Research Unit and at cultivators field.

E. Estimation of losses

Higher yield losses due to grey mildew disease were observed in AKH 4 in artificial inoculated conditions (63.17 %) and in natural conditions (47.54 %). The losses were noticed in PKV Hy 2 (19.64 %) and PKV Rajat (10.17 %) in artificially inoculated conditions. The losses were found negligible in these varieties / hybrids (03.07 % and 01.18 % respectively) in naturally infected conditions.

F. Crop management

  1. The disease incidence and intensity of bacterial blight and grey mildew to 60 X 60 cm, 60 X 30 cm and 90 X 20 cm planting pattern used for PKV Rajat did not differ.
  2. The differences in disease incidence and intensity of bacterial blight due to 60 X 60, 90 X 60 and 90 X 90 cm with 25:12.5:12.5, 50:25:25 and 75:37.5:37.5 NPK fertilizer dose for hybrids like PKV Hy 2, 3 and 4 were not found significantly even for interaction.

G. Chemical control

  1. Dusting of 300 mesh Sulphur 20 kg / ha early in the morning or late in the afternoon for the control of grey mildew.
  2. Foliar spray of 0.3 per cent Copper fungicide or Dithane Z-78 or Monocozeb 0.25 per cent for the control of alternaria blight.
  3. Foliar spray of Streptocyclin 100 ppm + 0.25 per cent Copper Oxy-chloride for the control of bacterial blight or Foliar spray of Agrimycin – 100, 50 ppm in combination with 0.25 per cent Copper Oxy-chloride for the control of bacterial blight.
  4. Seed treatment of 0.1 per cent Carboxine (Vitavax) + 0.3 per cent Thirum for the control of seed borne diseases.
  5. Amongst the chemicals tested, foliar spraying of wettable sulphur was found most effective followed by folicur (750 ml / ha) and carbendazim to control the grey mildew with increase in yield.

H. Biological control

  1. Foliar spray of bacterial culture No. 12 (Areomonas sp.) and culture No. 51 (Pseudomonas sp.) was found effective to reduce the disease incidence and intensity of bacterial blight next to Streptocycline + Copper Oxychloride as chemical treatment.
  2. Foliar spray of 5 per cent neem leaves extract or 5 per cent neem seed extract should be used for the control of bacterial blight of cotton.

 

Transfer of Technologies

Integrated Pest Management in Cotton
Cotton is important cash crop of India which covers about 5 % area of the total cultivable area; however, this crop consumed 45.5 % of the total pesticides used in India for pest management. This indiscriminate use of chemical pesticides by the farmer for pest management on cotton posed several problems e.g. killing of non-target insects, resurgence of pests, development of resistance; secondary pests become a major pests, environmental pollution etc. Indiscriminate use of conventional insecticides against bollworms on cotton developed resistance (Kranthi et al 2002 and singh et al, 08), Hence, better approach for cotton pest management is needed in an integrated manner for economic and eco friendly pest management to obtained sustainable cotton production. This can be achieved by adopting integrated pest management in cotton.
Cotton11   Cotton12   Cotton13
Recommendation :
For effective, efficient and economical Integrated Pest management in rainfed Cotton following IPM module was recommended.
1. Thiamethoxam 70 WS seed treatment @ 4.28 g/kg seed be fore sowing.
2. One spray of Acetamiprid 20 SP @ 1.5 per 10 litre of water for sucking pests based on Economic Threshold level (ETL)
3. Two releases of Trichogramma chilonis, egg parasitoid @ 1.5 lakh per hectare.
4. For bollworms, ETL Based one spray of azadirachtin 300 ppm @ 5 ml, spinosad 45 SC @ 2.25 ml and beta-cyfluthrin 2.5 EC @ 10 ml per 10 litre of water.
 
Management of Cotton Bollworms by Chemical Insecticides in Cotton
Amongst the various constraints in cotton production, the losses caused by insect pests are of major importance. As many as 1326 insects have been recorded on cotton crop in the world (Hargreaves, 1948), however, in India over 160 species of insects and non insects pests have been reported to damage the cotton crop (Agrawal, 1978). Amongst these insect pests, spotted bollworm, Earias spp.; american bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) and pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) are economically important and can cause up to 80% damage to the cotton crop. Now, days, many chemical insecticides are available in the market in order to have specific knowledge about newly introduced insecticide, their efficacy against particular pest and dose is essential for judicious use of insecticides.
 
Cotton21   Cotton22   Cotton23

Recommendation :
Therefore, for effective management of cotton bollworms, foliar application of spinosad 45 SC @ 2.25 ml per 10 litre of water against american and spotted bollworm and beta-cyfluthrin 2.5 EC @ 10 ml per 10 litre of water against pink bollworm is recommended.

Economic Threshold Level for Cotton Bollworms
Bollworms like, spotted bollworm, Earias spp.; american bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) and pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) known to be major pests of Cotton. Bollworm Larvae cause damage to the green fruiting bodies (Squares, flowers and bolls) by boring and feeding inside. These pests active throughout the season. Under unprotected condition bollworms can cause losses to the tune of 30-80 per cent in cotton production.

The lowest number of insect that cause economic injury is referred as Economic Injury Level (EIL). The EIL is enable us to identify the population level at which insect cause damage to a crop. Concept of EIL is developed to overcome the problems like insecticide resistance, pest resurgence, insecticide residues and non target effects caused by indiscriminate use of broad spectrum insecticides.

However, application of the chemical insecticides before causing economic injury (damage) to the crop is most important for effective management of pest and to achieve the expected yield. The population density at which control measures should be initiated against an increasing pest population to prevent economic damage and to suppress the pest population below EIL, is often referred as Economic Threshold Level (ETL). ETL is the best known and most widely used index in making pest management decisions.

Cotton31   Cotton33   Cotton32

Recommendation :
Hence, it is recommended that 5 per cent bollworm damage to the green fruiting bodies should be considered for application of chemical insecticides against bollworm on cotton.

Chemical Control of Cotton Bollworms
Cotton bollworms viz., spotted bollworm, Earias spp.; american bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) and pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) are important pests of cotton crop which can cause up to 80 per cent loss to cotton crop under unprotected condition.Timely management of these pests by a chemical insecticides is the simplest way to achieve the expected yield. Specific knowledge about efficacy of chemical insecticides and their doses is essential for their judicious use and effective management of cotton bollworms.
 
Cotton41
   Cotton42   Cotton43

Recommendation :

Therefore for effective management of cotton bollworms and to obtained higher yield of seed cotton , a foliar application of alphamethrin 25 gram active ingredient per hectare is recommended.
 
Management of Cotton Bollworms by Chemical Insecticides
Bollworms known to be the economically important pests of cotton crop which includes spotted bollworm, Earias spp.; american bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) and pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders). They damage to the green fruiting bodies (Squares, flowers and bolls) leads to shedding and thereby resulting in reduction in yield. Under unprotected condition the bollworms can cause damage to the tune of 80 per cent.
Chemical Pesticides plays an important role in pest management in Agriculture. This is the unique and simplest way of pest management rampently use by the farmers. Knowledge about chemical insecticides, their efficacy and doses for bollworm control is most important. Farmers often use chemical insecticides which are not recommended against cotton bollworms, therefore they could not get expected control which leads to increase in number of sprays with higher doses. Indiscriminate use of chemical pesticides by farmers resulted bad effects on environment, hence, their judicious use is essential for eco friendly pest management.
 
Cotton52   Cotton53   Cotton51
 
Recommendation :
Hence, for effective management of cotton bollworms and to obtained higher yield, foliar spray of flucythrinate (0.005 %) followed by decamethrin 2.8 EC (0.002 % ) and fenpropathrin 50 EC (0.015 %) is recommended.

 

 

Contact Information

Senior Research Scientist
Cotton Research Unit
Central Research Station
Dr.PDKV, Akola-444 104 (M.S.) India

Telephone Number
Office : 0724 2258176
Field : 0724 2258475

Fax Number
Office : 0724 2258176

e-mail address : srscottonpdkv1@yahoo.com

January 5th, 2014 Comments Off on Agriculture Research Station, Kutki, Hinganghat, Wardha

Agriculture Research Station, Kutki, Hinganghat, Wardha

 

glass_37   About Station
glass_37   Infrastructure
glass_37   Research Activitioes
glass_37   Transfer of Technologies
glass_37   Scientists
glass_37   Contact Information

 

About Station

Agriculture research station, Kutki is situated in Hinganghat Tahsil of Wardha district on Pandharakwad road, which is national highway no. 7. The distance of this research station from Hinganghat bus stop is 9 km away while from Hinganghat railway station it is 7 km. Kutki is the nearby village of this station which is only half km away from this station. While going to Hinganghat from Wardha there is need not to go to Hinganghat to approach this station, but by turning right before of Hinganghat on Pandhrkawada road the station is just 4 km away.

A Wana river is there 1.5 km away from station. By lift irrigation system the water is used for 33.52 Ha area of this station. More irrigation efforts are under going.

About 19 research trials were conducted in this year

Many of it was multivarietal trials while some were inorganic trial. Inorganic trials are conducted from the year 2005-2006. This is the identified station for multivarietal trials.

 

Infrastructure

  • The station has 33.52 Ha Area
  • Computer facility is available.
  • Water storage in form of two ponds is available
  • Lift irrigation is available from river
  • Two sets of Sprinkler and one rain gun is available
  • Tractor, three tyne and five tyne cultivator is available
  • Nine bullocks as farm power are available

 

Acreage Utilization

Total area of the farm 33.52 Ha
Area under roads, bunds 3.52 Ha
Plantations (Teak) 1.20 Ha
Old mango plantations 0.20 Ha
Area under farm pond (plot no.-area)
Plot No. 8 0.27 Ha
Plot No. 3 0.20 Ha
Plot No. 1 0.80 Ha
Total 1.27 Ha
Actual area sown during 27.02 Ha
Area reserved for Rabi trials 0.31 Ha

 

Research Activities & Achievements

  • Execution of Kharif /Rabi cropping scheme
  • Execution of Kharif /Rabi Res. Trials
  • Conduction of RAWE Programme

 

Transfer of Technologies

  • Organization of Krishak Vidnyan Manch programme
  • Participation in Krishi Melawas
  • Organization of field day
  • Extension activities carried out with the help of RAWE students
  • Demonstrations on farmers’ field
  • Seed treatment, tricocard, bird purchaser, bordeux mixture
  • Provided the need based information in the allotted villages

 

Contact Information

Agronomist
Agricultural Research Station
Kutki , Post Chhoti Arvi
Tq. Hinganghat , Dist. Wardha
Maharashtra (India)
Ph No. 07153-200007

January 5th, 2014 Comments Off on Chilli and Vegetable Research Unit, Akola

Chilli and Vegetable Research Unit, Akola

 

 glass_37    About Station
 glass_37    Objectives
 glass_37    Research Activities
 glass_37    Achievements
 glass_37    Varieties Released
 glass_37    Extension Activities
 glass_37    Scientists Information
 glass_37    Contact Information

 

About Station

Chilli Research Unit was established during the year August – 1983. It was further strengthened in the year 1993 as Chilli and Vegetable Research Unit. This unit has been established at main campus, Akola under state non plan scheme. This center is conducting AICRP (Vegetable crops) programme, and AINIP (Onion and Garlic) programme as voluntary center since 1991 and 2009-10, respectively. Further, the programme of quality seed production of garlic seed spices through DASD, Calicut under CSS-NHM, short term Research on Ajwain , Funnel and Cumin through ATMA, and programme of demonstration and multiplication of varieties developed by this center under state government RKVY scheme.

 

Objectives

  1. Development of superior varieties and hybrids of vegetable with high yield and quality.
  2. Development of vegetable varieties resistant to biotic and abiotic stress.
  3. Standardization of agro techniques for vegetable production.
  4. Quality and true to type seed production of vegetable crops.

 

Research Activities

  • Multiplication of desirable genotypes of important vegetable crops in chilli, okra, brinjal, cowpea and garlic.
  • Varietal and hybrid breeding programme in chilli.
  • Varietal improvement programme for high yield and YVMV resistance in okra
  • Varietal improvement programme for high yield and resistance to shoot and fruit borer in brinjal.
  • Varietal improvement programme in cowpea.
  • Varietal improvement programme for high yield and storability in garlic.

 

Achievements

  • Variety “Jayanti” (AKC-86-39) has been released during 1996-97 for green as well as red died chilli production.
  • Variety “Akola Safed” (PKV. White) has been released during 2005-06 for white onion production
  • Variety “Akola Bahar” (AKOV-97-16) has been released during 2005-06 of okra.
  • “Dasara” variety of Dolichus bean has been released during 1985-86.
  • Deepali variety of Dolichus bean has been released during 1985-86
  • “Aruna” variety of brinjal has been released for kharif as well as summer season cultivation during 1985-86.
  • In all 11 (eleven) production technologies (on chilli-5, on brinjal-01 on fenugreek-01 on radish-01 and 03 on onion were given.
  • Total 10 (ten) plant protection recommendations (Tomato-2, chilli-3, brinjal -3, okra-1, fenugreek-1) were made to achieve the potential yield and quality production of these vegetables.
  • Out of the collected genotypes in chilli, brinjal, okra, some prominent lines were isolated and identified as genetic sources for testing in AICRP (Vegetable crop) and all India network project (onion and garlic).

 

Significant Achievements(Varieties Released)

Brinjal_Aruna

Crop : Brinjal, Variety : Aruna
  • Fruits are small, oval in shape and violet coloured
  • Suitable for kharif and summer season.
  • Kharif Yield – 300 to 350 qt/ha)
  • Summer Yield – 200 to 225 qt/ha)
   
Chilli_Jayanti

Crop : Chilli, Variety : Jayanti
  • Fruits are green while green and turn red on ripening.
  • Plants are medium to tall (60 to 75 cm) with light green foliage.
  • Yield – 18-20 qt/ha. (red ripe chilli)
 

 
Dolichus_Dasara

Crop : Dolichus bean, Variety : Dasara
  • Growth habit pole type
  • Fruits are violet coloured with length (8 to 10 cm) and breadth (2 to 2.5 cm).
  • Yield – 100 to 125 qt/ha (fresh pods).
   
Dolichus_Dipali

Crop : Dolichus bean, Variety : Dipali
  • Growth habit pole type
  • Fruits are float, creamy in colored with the length (12 to 15 cm) and breadth (3 to 3.5 cm).
  • Yield 125 to 150 q/ha (fresh pods)
   
Onion_Ak_Safed

Crop : Onion, Variety : Akola Safed
  • Bulb are medium sized around 6.45 cm diameter and mean bulb weight around 128 gm.
  • Medium duration, 183 days from seed sowing.
  • Showed field tolerance to diseases and pests.
  • Yield 300-350 qt/ha.
   
Okra_Ak_Bahar

Crop : Okra, Variety : Akola Bahar
  • Fruits are green and slender
  • Early harvesting
  • F ruiting starts 40-45 days after sowing
  • Yield 105 -115 qt/ha.
 

 
Crop: Chilli           Variety: PDKV Hirkani

 
  • Fruits are dark green at immature stage and dark red when ripe.
  • Maturity in 220-225 days
  • Moderately resistant to fruit rot
  • Moderately resistant to thrips and mites.
 

 
Crop: Okra         Variety: PDKV Pragati

 
  • High yielding ability due to maximum number of fruiting nodes.
  • It has more than 25% fruit yield over Parbhani Kranti , Arka Anamika and Pusa A-4 .
  • At par resistant with Arka Anamika and Parbhani Kranti for Yellow Vein Mosaic Virus.

 

 

Extension Activities

  • Conduction of trainings to the vegetable growers in Vidarbha region.

  • Technology demonstration through FLD for Akola safed variety of onion in Vidarbha region.

  • Participation in farmers training programme, exhibitions and demonstration organized by University, State Department of Agriculture, etc.

 

Contact Information

Dr. S. M. Ghawade
Breeder Cum Horticulturist
Chilli and Vegetable Research Unit,
Dr.PDKV., Akola (MS) – 444104 India

Mobile : 9657725844

January 5th, 2014 Comments Off on Seed Technology Research Unit, Akola

Seed Technology Research Unit, Akola

 

glass_37About Project        SRTU_Bldg1
glass_37Agro Climatic Information
glass_37Infrastructure
glass_37Mandate
glass_37Objectives
glass_37Scientists Information
glass_37Research Activities and Achievements
glass_37Research Recommendations
glass_37Extension Activities
glass_37Contact Information

 

 

About Project

SRTU_Bldg2

The seed technology research unit is one of the earliest centres to be established under 1st Phase of National Seed Project. The Seed Technology Research Unit is functioning at Dr. PDKV Akola from December 1979. This unit is working on various aspects of seed quality assessment and improvement in different crop seeds. The research in this unit on Seed Production and Certification, Seed Physiology, Storage and Testing, Seed Pathology, Seed Entomology and Seed Processing and contributed to the need-based technology on the different factors of seed quality, for improvement of seed and betterment of farmers in Vidarbha region. Presently STR Units is conducting various projects under two major ICAR-IISS schemes viz. AICRP-NSP (Crops) and TSP. The unit is also identified as DUS Testing Centre under PPV&FR Authority, India since 2004 for pigeon-pea and safflower. The mandate crops allotted to the centre are Pigeon pea, Mungbean and safflower. During 2018-19 about 61 varieties of pigeon pea and 24 varieties of safflower were grown for maintenance purpose and 17 candidate varieties of pigeon-pea were also grown for characterization study. During 2021-22 about 90 reference varieties and 4 farmers varieties of Mungbean were also grown for characterization study. Mandate work as per the National Test Guidelines and report submitted to PPV & FRA.

Along with ICAR – IISS Schemes and DUS testing of mandate crops, the unit is conducting University level experiments pertaining to seed science and technology and also provides the facility of seed testing for various research centers of university. Presently the seed testing laboratory has been notified for Seed Testing by the government of Maharashtra.

The unit is actively involved in multidisciplinary seed research including Seed Production & Certification, Seed Physiology, Storage & Testing, Seed Entomology and Seed Processing as per the approved Technical Programme of AICRP-NSP for seed quality assessment and improvement in different crop seeds. During last 20 years the research in the unit has contributed to the need-based technology on the different factors of seed quality, for improvement of seed and betterment of farmers in Vidarbha region.

Through TSP, the unit plays vital role to disseminate information and impart training on seed production, processing, storage and packaging, seed health and quality control. The academic staff of this unit is also engaged in teaching work of M.Sc. and Ph.D. Courses.

SRTU_Field1 SRTU_Field2

 

Agro Climatic Information

Akola is situated at an elevation of 307.4 meter above the mean sea level at 220 42’ North latitude and 770 02’ East longitude and has subtropical climate. Normal rainfall of 0.2 mm in 41.2 rainy days received at Akola centre. Rainfall received during four months i.e. June to Sept. maximum temperature ranges between 29.0 0C to 47.2 0C. April, May and 1st week of June are the hottest period in which temperature ranges between 33 0C to 44 0C. However, in the month of December and January maximum temp is below 30 0C. The minimum temp ranges between 10.3 to 27.6 0C. Bright sunshine hours ranges between 3.3 to 8.8 hours in rainy season sunshine hours are less (3.3 to 4.5 hours) wind speed in the range of 4.9 to 9.1 km/hour during January to April, However, it is more onwards April up to Sept. (10 to 16.2 km/hour). Relative humidity 10 % during summer and maximum in Rainy season i.e. 88 %. Evaporation rate is maximum during summer (17.3 mm/day) and minimum in the month December and January (402 to 5.2 mm day)

 

Infrastructure Facilities

The Seed Technology Research Unit is well equipped with state- of -art equipment’s in various laboratories like

  1. Seed Physiology, Storage and testing laboratory
  2. Seed Processing laboratory
  3. Seed Entomology laboratory
  4. DUS testing Unit laboratory
  5. Field of Seed technology Research Unit.
  6. Seminar Hall/Farmers training hall.
  7. Implementation of Tribal Sub Plan
  8. Seed Germination testing Laboratory
  9. Sc. and PhD. Students field and Laboratory Experiments facilities
  10. Conducting Field experiential learning programme of UG Students facilities

Seed Physiology, Storage and testing laboratory

Seed Physiology, Storage and testing laboratory is the pride of the STRU having advance equipment’s   to Study the planting value of seeds to examine the prescribed periods of validity of fresh and revalidated certified seed lots of some major field crops. To assess the efficiency of molecular markers in hybrid purity testing in comparison to the grow-out test (GOT) in various field crops. To validate the identified markers for various hybrids. Development of priming technologies for enhanced planting     value of seed under sub-optimal conditions in field crops.  Validation of standardized priming technologies in pigeon pea for sub- optimal condition. Development of seed enhancement technique for low temperature stress during seedling establishment in maize and paddy. 


Seed Processing laboratory

Seed Processing laboratory is the laboratory where the work on optimum sieve size and type of screen for grading seeds of different crop varieties and hybrids including their parents is done. Crop-wise classification of varieties in seed chain with respect to their seed size (small, medium and bold) and to standardize the size and type of grading sieve. To study the effect of processing method on quality of different crops and to standardize the processing methods.


 

Seed Entomology laboratory and Field

The seed Entomology laboratory is adequately equipped to cater the needs for conduction of the research trails on the storage Entomology. It includes the research aspects on the field as well as in storage Entomology viz. Survey and evaluation of seed health status of farmers’ saved seed with respect to insect infestation, to know the type and level of infestation by insects under storage condition, Impact of insect infestation on seed quality. Farmer’s practice, if any, to store / protect seeds from insect damage. To develop effective eco-friendly, low-cost techniques for the control of bruchids infesting pulse seed, to study the effect of solarization on seed quality attributes of treated seeds. Survey and monitoring of insecticide resistance in storage insect pests infesting seeds in storage godowns to estimate level of resistance to commonly used insecticides in storage godowns. To evaluate commercially available neem formulations against major storage insect-pests damaging seeds and to study the storability of treated seeds.

 
 
 
  

 

DUS testing field and laboratory

Other than AICRP- NSP activities carried out at STRU, this unit is actively involved in DUS testing and maintenance of mandate crops – pigeonpea, safflower and Mungbean. Various work is carried out at DUS unit which is Characterization of the Pigeonpea varieties under DUS programme as per NTG guidelines. Maintenance of pigeonpea varieties under DUS programme. GOT of varieties received for characterization and Maintenance of Safflower varieties under DUS programme.

DUS Maintenance and testing of Mungbean, Pigeonpea and safflower Genotypes under DUS testing Programme

DUS Storage of Mungbean, Pigeonpea and Safflower seeds laboratory

Experimental Field of Seed Technology Research Unit

The Seed Technology Research Unit is having its own research farm of 7.20 ha. for conducting the research experiments of Seed production and certification, Seed Physiology, Seed Entomology, DUS testing field experiments and as well as faculty of the Unit and also catering to the needs of the corporate sector by way of testing their seeds under Agency Trials which also generates revenue for the Unit.

Arial view of the Farm of Seed Technology Research Unit showing research experiments of Seed production and certification, Seed Physiology, Seed Entomology, DUS testing field experiments and as well as faculty of the Unit and also catering to the needs of the corporate sector at STRU, Dr. PDKV., Akola

Infrastructure developed at Field of STRU, Dr.PDKV, Akola

  • 1.2 km long, 8 ft. high chain-link Fencing with CCTV Camera and Approach Road:
  • Tree plantation at the Auspicious Hands of Honorable Vice Chancellors of all Four SAUs of Maharashtra
  • New protective irrigation facilities established at STRU, Dr. PDKV, Akola field:
  • The field of STR Unit is expanded from 2.5 ha to 7.2 ha. To meet the increasing demand of protective irrigation to AICRP on Seed (Crops) Experiments and Demonstration, a new Irrigation line with provision of Sprinkler and Drip is made at STRU field.
  • Farm Mechanization And Instruments Purchased
  • Instruments /Equipment’s purchased
  • Sieve Shaker
  • Moisture meter
  • Selfing structure with Net
  • PC sets
  • Digital Camera
  • 50 HP Mahindra tractor
  • Rotavator
  • MB plough
  • Duck foot type 5 tyne

Seminar Hall/Farmers training hall.

The Seed Technology Research Unit, Seminar Hall/Farmers training hall is well equipped with the state of art AV aids. The instructional programme is being implemented with the help of AV aids like interactive LCD, OHP, CD, posters, charts etc.


 

Mandate and Objectives

Presently STR Units is conducting various projects under two major ICAR-IISS schemes viz. AICRP-NSP (Crops) and TSP. The unit is also identified as DUS Testing Centre under PPV & FR Authority, India since 2004 for pigeon-pea and safflower. Along with ICAR – IISS Schemes and DUS testing of mandate crops, the unit is conducting University level experiments pertaining to seed science and technology and also provides the facility of seed testing for various research centres of university. Presently the seed testing laboratory has been notified for Seed Testing by the government of Maharashtra.

Accordingly, the research programme has been planned and undertaken with following objectives under different units viz.

  1. Seed Physiology, Storage and testing of seeds
  • Study the planting value of seeds to examine the prescribed periods of validity of fresh and revalidated certified seed lots of some major field crops.
  • To assess the efficiency of molecular markers in hybrid purity testing in comparison to the grow-out test (GOT) in various field crops.
  • To validate the identified markers for various hybrids. Development of priming technologies for enhanced planting value of seed under sub-optimal conditions in field crops. 
  • Validation of standardized priming technologies in pigeon pea for sub- optimal condition. Development of seed enhancement technique for low temperature stress during seedling establishment in maize and paddy.
  1. Seed Processing
  • Optimizing sieve size and type of screen for grading seeds of different crop varieties and hybrids including their parents.
  • Crop-wise classification of varieties in seed chain with respect to their seed size (small, medium and bold) and to standardize the size and type of grading sieve.
  • To study the effect of processing method on quality of different crops and to standardize the processing methods.
  1. Seed Entomology
  • Survey and evaluation of seed health status of farmers’ saved seed with respect to insect infestation, to know the type and level of infestation by insects under storage condition, Impact of insect infestation on seed quality.
  • Farmer’s practice, if any, to store / protect seeds from insect damage.
  • To develop effective eco-friendly, low cost techniques for the control of bruchids infesting pulse seed,
  • to study the effect of solarization on seed quality attributes of treated seeds.
  • Survey and monitoring of insecticide resistance in storage insect pests infesting seeds in storage godowns
  • to estimate level of resistance to commonly used insecticides in storage godowns.
  • To evaluate commercially available neem formulations against major storage insect-pests damaging seeds and to study the storability of treated seeds
  1. DUS testing Unit
  • Various work is carried out at DUS unit which is Characterization of the Pigeonpea varieties under DUS programme as per NTG guidelines.
  • Maintenance of pigeonpea varieties under DUS programme.
  • GOT of varieties received for characterization and Maintenance of Safflower varieties under DUS programme.
  • Characterization of the Mungbean varieties under DUS programme as per NTG guidelines.
  1. Field of Seed technology Research Unit.
  • Kharif and Rabi experimental trails on seed production and certification, Seed Physiology, Seed Entomology, DUS testing field experiments and as well as faculty of the Unit and testing of seeds under Agency Trials are conducted on field of STRU.
  1. State Seed Testing Laboratory Notified by Government of Maharashtra STRU, Dr.PDKV, Akola
  • Seed testing is determining the standards of a seed lot viz., physical purity, moisture, germination and thereby enabling the farming community to get quality seeds.
  • The Seed Testing Laboratory is the hub of seed quality control. Seed testing services are required from time to time to gain information regarding planting value of seed lots. Seed testing is possible for all those who produce, sell and use seeds.

Inuaguration of State Seed Testing Laboratory at the auspecious hands of Dr. Sanjay Kumar, Director, IISS, Mau , Dr. Sharad Gadakh, VC, Dr. PDKV., Akola and dignitaries

 

State Seed Testing Laboratory Notified by Government of Maharashtra, STRU, Dr.PDKV, Akola

Objective & Importance of Seed Testing

Seed testing is required to achieve the following objectives for minimizing the risks of planting low quality seeds.

  1. To identify the quality problem and their probable cause
  2. To determine their quality, that is, their suitability for planting
  3. To determine the need for drying and processing and specific procedures that should be used
  4. To determine if seed meets established quality standards or labeling specifications.
    To establish quality and provide a basis for price and consumer discrimination among lots in the market. The primary aim of the seed testing is to obtain accurate and reproducible results regarding the quality status of the seed samples submitted to the Seed Testing Laboratories.

Importance

  • The importance of seed testing was realized more than 100 years ago for assured planting values. The adulteration of vegetable seeds by stone dust which was packed in some parts of the world particularly in Europe.              
  • Seed testing has been developed to aid agriculture to avoid some of the hazards of crop production by furnishing the needed information about different quality attributes , purity, moisture, germination, vigour and health.
  • Quality control of seed depends on the different seed testing protocols which determine the genuineness of the cultivar.
  • Testing of seed to evaluate the planting value and the authenticity of the certified lot.
  • Seed testing is required to assess the seed quality attributes of the seed lots which have to be offered for sale.
  • These quality attributes are seed moisture content, germination and vigour, physical and genetic purity, freedom from seed borne diseases and insect infestation. In India, seed testing is done mainly for moisture, germination and physical purity of seeds.
  • Standard seed testing procedures for the evaluation of the seeds were developed by ISTA. It is obligatory on the part of the seed analyst to follow rules prescribed by 1STA (1STA, 1985) if the seed is moving to the international trade. 
  • The seed testing procedures which are described below are based mostly on the international rules because most of our rules (Chalam et . 1967) are based on, 1STA, 1996. Economic yield of a crop depends on the quality of seeds which can be evaluated by seed testing (1STA, 1996).
  • The testing of seed quality is carried out on seed samples drawn from seed lot to be used for cultivation. The quantity of seed sample taken for testing in laboratory is minute compared to that of seed lot it represents.

Role of Seed Testing Laboratories

Seed testing laboratories are essential organization in seed certification and seed quality control programmes. The main objective is to serve the producer, the consumer and the seed industry by providing information on seed quality. Test results may cause rejection of poor seed multiplication or low-grade seed in a count of law.   

       Walk in Seed Germinator Chamber and Seed Testing Laboratory

Analysis of seed in the laboratory: Seed testing is possible for all those who produce, sell and use seeds. Seed testing is highly specialized and technical job. With a view to maintain uniformity in quality control the seed analysis laboratory includes for distinct sections.

  • Section for purity testing: Purity analysis of seed lot is considered under two factors
    a) Testing the cleanliness of seed lot and b) Testing the geneuiness of the cultivar
  • Section for moisture testing
  • Section for viability, germination and section for vigour testing.

 

Research Activities and Achievements

On Going Research Programme during 2023-24

  • Experiment allotted under AICRP On Seed (Crops)
Sr.No.Group

Field

(Kharif)

Survey/ Laboratory

Field

(Rabi)

Conducted/

Not Conducted

Total number
1Seed Production & Certification01—02All Conducted03
2Seed Physiology, Storage & Testing03070All Conducted13
3Seed Entomology—07—All Conducted07
4Seed Processing0203—All Conducted05
Total061705All Conducted28
  • Seed Production & Certification
Sr. No.Title of Experiment
1.Seed quality assessment of breeder seed samples
2.Optimization of seed rate for enhancing seed yield and recovery of pure live seed (Crop: Gram)
3Development of controlled & target specific release coating technologies for management of biotic and abiotic stress and for quality seed production. (Crop: Gram)
  • Seed Physiology, Storage And Testing
Sr. No.Title of Experiment
1 To reaffirm the validity periods of certified seeds of field crops    (as per the IMSCS regulations) (Crop: Pigeonpea)
2Hybrid purity testing using molecular markers in public sector hybrids of field crops. (Crop: Cotton and Sorghum)
3Physiology studies and development of priming technologies for enhancing planting value of seed in field crops under optimal and sub-optimal conditions (Crop: Perl millet, Sunflower, Cotton and Kabuli Chickpea)
4Use of nano-particles in enhancing seed quality and storability of seeds (Crop: Wheat and Soybean)
5Influence of terminal heat stress on seed set, seed yield and quality in field crops. (Crop: Finger millet, Sorghum and Wheat)
6

Quantification of the seed Vigour in Field Crops Using a Universal Scale

(Cotton)

  • Seed Entomology
Sr. No.Title of Experiment
1.Survey and evaluation of seed health status of farmers’ saved seed with respect to insect infestation.
2.Efficacy of commercially available neem products on storage pest management during storage under ambient condition. (Chickpea and Sorghum)
3.Studies on the effect of insecticidal seed treatment on seed viability during storage under ambient condition. (Pigeonpea and Sorghum)
4.Integrated approach for management of Pulse beetle (Callosobruchus sp.) (Pigeonpea)
5.Studies on the effect of Entomopathogens and inert dust on storage insect pests and seed quality during storage under ambient condition. (Pigeonpea and Chickpea)
  • Seed Processing
Sr. No.Title of Experiment
1.Optimum sieve size and type of screen for grading seeds of different crops, varieties (Chickpea, Pigeonpea and Paddy).
2Assessment of postharvest deterioration of soybean seed quality.
3.Influence of rainfall at maturity physiological quality and seed health of soybean seed

 

Research Recommendations

  • Seed Production and Certification
      • Soybean : The seed yield in reduced seed rate of 60 kg/ha was at par with the recommended seed rate of 70 kg/ha irrespective of sowing method. (2017-18 to 2020-21) The findings were validated in Kharif 2020 with large scale demonstration on 1.20 ha in genotypes JS 335 and PDKV Yellow Gold
    • Soybean :  Ridge sowing + recommended DAP + soil application of ZnSO4 @ 30 kg/ha along with foliar spray @ 0.5% at 48 and 56 DAS significantly increases pods/plants, seed yield, seed recovery. The ridge and furrow system of sowing with 45 cm row distance for long duration and 30cm for short duration varieties is recommended to realize higher seed yield, quality and higher returns in Soybean. (Year 2015-16)
    • Gram (Kabuli) : In Kabuli Chick Pea, seed priming with Carboxin + Thiram (as Vitavax Power) @ 2.5g /Kg seed prior to sowing enhances the plant stand and health that lead to increase in number of pods per plant, number of nodules, seed germination resulting in higher yield. (Year 2018-19)

    Seed Physiology,  Storage And Testing

    • Sorghum : (Year  2017 – 2021) Seeds of sorghum stored under ambient conditions  maintains  its viability over and above IMSCS up to 14th Thus the seeds can be revalidated once after first validity period of 9 months.
    • Chickpea : (Year 2018 – 2021) Seed coating (on hydro. primed seeds for 4 hours) with drought alleviating bacteria + biogrow significantly enhances the planting value of Kabuli chickpea seeds.
    • Soybean : (Year 2019- 2021) Seed treatment with nano particles of zinc oxide 500 ppm recorded maximum values for all seed quality parameters than control irrespective of varieties
    • Sorghum : (Year 2017- 2021) : Salicylic acid (400 ppm) sprayed at vegetative and anthesis stage of late sown sorghum resulted in higher seed set and seed yield and can be recommended to manage terminal heat stress on seed set, seed yield and quality in field crops.
    • Wheat : (Year 2017- 2021) Salicylic acid (400 ppm and 800 pm) sprayed at vegetative and anthesis stage of late and very late sown wheat resulted in higher seed set and seed yield and can be recommended to manage terminal heat stress on seed set, seed yield and quality in field crops.
    • Ground nut (Year: 2016-17) : Groundnut seed as kernel can be stored upto five months with desired seed quality as per the IMSCS in 700-gauge thick polythene bags.
    • Ground nut (Year: 2017-18) : : Groundnut seeds (off-shell) could be stored for more than six months with 86% germinability and vigor with silica gel (1:0.30) or Zeolite beads (1:0.35) in 700-gauge polythene bags.
    • Field Crops (Year: 2018-19) : Foliar spray of salicylic acid @800 ppm and 400 ppm were found to mitigate the influence of terminal heat stress on seed set, seed yield and quality in various field crops.

    Seed Entomology

    • Pigeonpea (Year 2015 – 2018) : The treatment with Emamectin benzoate @ 2 ppm (40 mg / kg seed) was significantly superior with less insect damage over all the treatments and at par with Deltamethrin @ 1 ppm (0.04 ml / kg seed) and Acorus calamus TNAU Formulation @10ml/kg up to twelve months storage in pigeonpea seeds.
    • Pigeonpea (Year 2019- 2021) : Treatment of Neemazal T/S @ 6ml/L (Spraying at 50% pod maturity and maturity) was at par with spraying of (Emamectin benzoate 5 SG @ 0.3 g/L) (Spraying at 50% pod maturity and maturity) with minimum adult emergence and per cent seed damage.
    • Pigeonpea (Year 2018 – 2020): Solarization of pigeonpea seeds in clear polythene (700 gauge) packet for 4 h for 6 days resulted in minimum insect infestation
    • Storage Pest of Pigeonpea ( Year 2015 – 16) : Seed treatment (ST) with Emamectin benzoate @ 2 ppm a.i. (40.0 mg/kg seed) and fabric treatment (FT) with Emamectin benzoate 100 ppm ai (Proclaim 5SG – 2g /litre) at two months interval can provide better management of storage pests of pigeon pea and maize up to six months of storage. 60 and 120days after seed treatment DAST. ( Year 2015-16)
    • Groundnut Pod Borer (Year 2018-19) : Groundnut pod (<10%MC) treatment with Emamectin benzoate (5SG) @ 2 ppm (40 mg diluted in 15ml water/kg of pod) or Spinosad (45 SC) @ 2ppm (4.4 mg diluted in 15ml water/kg of pod) can provide effective management of groundnut pod borer during storage up to 6-9 months under ambient condition without affecting seed quality. Groundnut seed as kernel can be stored upto five months with desired seed quality as per the IMSCS in 700-gauge thick polythene bags. (Year 2018-19)
    • Pulse Beetle (2018-19) : Investigations to identify suitable insecticide for pre-harvest spraying for management of pulse beetle among pulses viz., green gram, black gram, chickpea and pigeon pea revealed that spraying of Emamectin benzoate 5 SG @ 0.3 ml/L and Profenophos 50 EC @ 1 ml/L at 50% pod maturity and maturity stage were effective in controlling infestation at both field and storage conditions (seed damage %) recorded at 3, 6 and 9 months of storage.( Year 2018-19)

    Seed Processing

    • Soybean (Year 2015-16) Studies on management of mechanical damage to soybean seed at harvesting, threshing, processing, handling, transportation stage revealed that the use of combine harvester at 500 rpm of drum speed is found most suitable and economical for harvesting of soybean crop.
    • Recommendation submitted to Government of Maharashtra and Seed Processing Industries based on survey of 42 seed processing plant in Maharashtra.
    • All seed processing plant should be equipped with essential machines viz., pre-cleaner, cleaner, grader, specific gravity separator, moisture meter, weighing and sealing machine.
    • The plant should be operated by technical persons having background with seed and machinery.
    • The old machines should be replaced with new machines for achieving better efficiency, seed recovery and quality seed.
    • There is urgent need to improve seed storage facility of seed processing plant in order to maintain the seed quality viz., germination, physical purity, vigour etc., all along the storage period.
    • Specific gravity separator is recommended for upgrading the marginal seed lots having lower germination percentage by about 10% than MSCS in cotton, soybean and safflower to an acceptable limit.
    • In the present era of high yielding crop varieties/ hybrids, there is need to modify the size of the bottom/ grading screen to improve the quality and quantity of the seed and to meet the physical purity standards set by IMSCS.

Table 1: Modifications Proposed for Bottom/ Grading screen in Appendix VII (SCREEN APERTURE SIZE FOR SEED PROCESSING) of INDIAN MINIMUM SEED CERTIFICATION STANDARDS 2013

Crop / Seed Size

(categories)

IMSCS Recommended

Sieve Size (mm)

Standardized Sieve Size (mm)Modifications proposed
Paddy
Coarse grain/ Bold type1.85s1.85s, 2.00s1.85s, 2.00s
Medium Slender1.80s1.80s, 1.90s1.80s, 1.90s
Fine/ Super fine1.70s1.60s1.60s, 1.70s
Chickpea
Kabuli/ Very bold5.0r, 5.5r, 6.0r6.5r5.0r, 5.5r, 6.0r, 6.5r
Pigeonpea3.20s, 4.00r,4.75r3.75r, 5.00r3.20s, 3.75r, 4.00r, 4.75r, 5.00r

Table 2: Modifications Proposed for Bottom/ Grading screen in Appendix VIII (SCREEN APERTURE FOR SEED PROCESSING OF CERTAIN VARIETIES) of INDIAN MINIMUM SEED CERTIFICATION STANDARDS 2013

S.

No.

Name of the CropVarieties /HybridsRecommended Bottom Screen Size in millimeter
1PADDYSakoli– 6,2.00 s
PKV Tilak, PKV Kisan, PKV HMT1.60 s
2CHICKPEACaffa, PDKV Kanchan, Jaki 92185.50 r
PKV Kabuli-2, Vijay, Phule Vikram, Phule  Vikrant, Digvijay, Vishal6.50 r
Virat7.00 r
4PIGEONPEAPKV Tara, BSMR 7364.00 r

Technologies released by Dr. PDKV, Akola and its adoption STRU, Dr. PDKV, Akola

19In Kabuli Chick Pea, seed priming with Carboxin + Thiram (as Vitavax Power) @ 2.5g /Kg seed prior to sowing enhances the plant stand and health that lead to increase in number of pods per plant, number of nodules, seed germination resulting in higher yield.2018-19AdoptedAdopted by farmers and seed growers

SNTechnology DevelopedYear StatusAdopting agency/ stake holders
1For maintaining seed quality, soybean crop should be threshed by multicrop thresher at 500 rpm at 12 to 14 % moisture content 2001-02AdoptedAdopted 30 % seed growers all over Maharashtra.
2For grading soybean cultivars a sieve of 3.6 mm may be used in place of presently recommended 4.0 mm sieve.2004-05Adopted100 % adopted by all seed industries under Maharashtra State Seed Certification Agency. 82,561 qt. seed saved per year of costing Rs.66,48,880/- with additional benefit.
3The treatment of 100ml H2SO4 for 10 minutes is recommended for wet acid delinting of cotton seed.2004-05Adopted100 % adopted by all seed industries under Maharashtra State Seed Certification Agency.
4It is recommended that for minimizing mechanical damage and maintaining seed quality inclined belt conveyor should be used in place of bucket conveyor while processing of soybean at seed processing plant.2007-08Adopted

Adopted by seed industries.

37,742 qt seed save per year of costing Rs.30,19,360/- incase of soybean.

5Specific gravity separator is recommended for upgrading marginal seed lots having lower germination percentage by about 10% than MSCS in cotton, soybean and safflower to an acceptable limit.2007-08Adopted

Adopted by 80 % seed industries in Maharashtra.

10 % additional benefit obtained in each crop.

6For grading seed of safflower varieties a sieve of 2.2mm(s) may be used in place of presently recommended 1.2mm2008-09Adopted100 % adopted by all seed industries under MSSC Agency.
7It is recommended that an isolation distance of 5m should be adopted in place of existing 3m for maintaining the genetic purity in seed production of soybean.2008-09Adopted100 % adopted by all seed growers under Maharashtra State Seed Certification Agency.
8Polymer coating @3 ml/kg seed in combination with flowable thiram @2.4 ml/kg of soybean seed before storage is recommended for maintaining the seed quality of soybean for 12 months storage and higher yield.2013-14Adopted15 % seed industries have started this technology.
9Pre-sowing hydropriming seed treatment for 8 hrs with 1:2 seed : water ratio followed by drying at room temperature to normal moisture content (2 days) is recommended for expected and uniform field emergence, plant stand establishment and improving seed yield in  pigeonpea.2013-14Demonstrated and adopted

300 farmers used this technology.

Average increment of 0.88qt/acre; so total additional benefit of Rs. 26,28,000/- per year.

10It is recommended that for grading of  paddy varieties a sieve of 1.4mm for fine and 1.6mm for coarse varieties may be used in place of presently recommended 1.8mm sieve.2013-14Adopted100 % adopted by all seed industries under Maharashtra State Seed Certification Agency. 9% in coarse and 13% in fine varirities seed saved per year.
11The specific gravity separator is recommended for removing the ODV seeds in paddy.2013-14Adopted100 % adopted by all seed industries under Maharashtra State Seed Certification Agency. 7% seed saved per year with additional benefit.
12Two sprays @ 250 ppm of Maleic Hydrazide, first at 50 days followed by 60 days after sowing is recommended for inducing upto 35 days in greengram.2014-15AdoptedAdopted by farmers and seed growers.
13Seed treatment (ST) with Emamectin benzoate @ 2 ppm a.i. (40.0 mg/kg seed) and fabric treatment (FT) with Emamectin benzoate 100 ppm ai (Proclaim 5SG – 2g /litre) at two months interval can provide better management of storage pests of pigeon pea and maize up to six months of storage. 60 and 120days after seed treatment DAST2015-16AdoptedAdopted by farmers and seed growers
15Ridge sowing + recommended DAP + soil application of ZnSO4 @ 30 kg/ha along with foliar spray @ 0.5% at 48 and 56 DAS significantly increases pods/plants, seed yield, seed recovery. The ridge and furrow system of sowing with 45 cm row distance for long duration and 30cm for short duration of soybean varieties is recommended to realize higher seed yield, quality and higher returns.2015-16AdoptedAdopted by farmers and seed growers
16Groundnut seed as kernel can be stored upto five months with desired seed quality as per the IMSCS in 700-gauge thick polythene bags2016-17AdoptedAdopted by farmers and seed growers and seed industries.
17Emamectin benzoate 5SG @ 2 ppm a.i. (40.0 mg/kg seed) or Spinosad 45 SC @ 2 ppm i.e. (4.4 mg/kg seed) or deltamethrin 2.8 EC @ 1.0 ppm i.e. (0.04ml /kg seed) treated seeds (at 10% moisture content) stored in moisture impervious bags provide safer storage up to 6-9 months in coastal region for groundnut seed.2016-17AdoptedAdopted by farmers and seed growers
18Groundnut seeds (off-shell) could be stored for more than six months with 86% germinability and vigour with silica gel (1:0.30) or Zeolite beads (1:0.35) in 700-gauge polythene bags.2017-18AdoptedAdopted by farmers and seed growers
20Foliar spray of salicylic acid @800 ppm and 400 ppm were found to mitigate the influence of terminal heat stress on seed set, seed yield and quality in sorghum hybrid CSH-14 crops. 2018-19AdoptedAdopted by farmers and seed growers
21The pre-harvest spraying for management of pulse beetle among pulses viz., greengram, blackgram, chickpea and pigeonpea revealed that spraying of emamectin benzoate (5 SG) @ 0.3 gm/L and Profenofos (50 EC) @ 1.0 ml/L at 50 % pod maturity and maturity stage, were effective in controlling infestation at both field and storage condition 2018-19AdoptedAdopted by farmers and seed growers.
22Groundnut pod (<10%MC) treatment with Emamectin benzoate (5SG) @ 2 ppm (40 mg diluted in 15ml water/kg of pod) or Spinosad (45 SC) @ 2ppm (4.4 mg diluted in 15ml water/kg of pod) can provide effective management of groundnut pod borer during storage up to 6-9 months under ambient condition without affecting seed quality2018-19AdoptedAdopted by farmers and seed growers
23It is recommended that for grading of  paddy varieties Sakoli– 6, a sieve of 2.0s mm, and PKV Tilak, PKV Kisan, PKV HMT a sieve of 1.60s mm may be used in place of presently recommended 1.8mm sieve2019-20AdoptedIn process of 100 % adoption by all seed industries under Maharashtra State Seed Certification Agency. 9% seed will be saved per year with additional benefit.
24It is recommended that for grading of  chickpea varieties Caffa, PDKV Kanchan, Jaki 9218, a sieve of 5.5.0r mm, and PKV Kabuli-2, a sieve of 6.50r mm may be used in place of presently recommended 5.5mm sieve2019-20Adopted process of 100 % adoption by all seed industries under Maharashtra State Seed Certification Agency. 9% seed will be saved per year with additional benefit.
25It is recommended that for grading of  Pigeon-pea varieties PKV Tara, BSMR 736, a sieve of 4.0r mm may be used in place of presently recommended 4.5mm sieve2019-20Adopted process of 100 % adoption by all seed industries under Maharashtra State Seed Certification Agency. 9% seed will be saved per year with additional benefit.
26Solarization of seeds (properly dried) in clear polythene packet for 6 days (4 h on each day) during summer season sunny days can manage insect damage and maintain higher seed germination upto 9-12 months of storage of chickpea, green gram and black gram.2021-22  
27Preharvest spraying of neem formulation (containing 10000 ppm Azadirachtin) @ 6ml/L at 50% pod maturity and maturity stage can be used for controlling field infestation of pulse bruchid and subsequent adult emergence during storage of pulse seeds (black gram, green gram, chickpea and pigeon-pea)2021-22  
28Standardization of isolation for hybrid seed production in pigeon-pea2022-23  
29कपाशी मध्ये शिफारशीत एकात्मिक कीड व्यवस्थापन तंत्रज्ञानाचा अवलंब केल्यास उत्पादकते मध्ये ३० टक्के नी वाढ होते, करिता कापूस लागवडी मध्ये  शिफारशीत एकात्मिक कीड व्यवस्थापनाचा व्यापक प्रमाणात  अवलंब करण्याकरिता विस्तार यंत्रणेमार्फत प्रचार व प्रसार करण्यात यावा अशी शिफारस करण्यात येते. 
30Reaffirming the validity periods of seed certification in field crops Inference based on storability studies conducted under ambient conditions at diverse locations reaffirmed the validity period of 9 months for initial certification in barley, 126 Kabuli chickpea, lentil, mustard, oats, pigeon pea and sunflower, to safeguard against any crop failures due to unwarranted seed deterioration in seed lots stored in agro-climatic conditions of high humidity and temperature2022-23  
31Seed biopriming/coating on hydro primed (4h @ 20°C) seed with Drought Alleviating Bacteria + Biogrow on kabuli chickpea Seed yield enhanced up to 19.8% with maximum B:C ratio of 1.782022-23  
32Spraying of salicylic acid @ 800ppm and 400ppm as foliar sprays were found to mitigate the influence of terminal heat stress on seed set, yield, and quality in various field crops2022-23  
33Optimization of aperture size of bottom/ grading sieves for processing of new crop varieties. In case of fine/superfine paddy varieties the recommended sieve size of 1.70s resulted in loss of physically pure seed. Hence, sieve size of 1.60s is recommended to increase the pure seed recovery by 3-4 %2022-23  
   

Seed Technology Research Unit, Dr.PDKV, Akola received the best performance in Seed Technology Research under AICRP on Seed (Crops) for the year 2023-24 during 39th Annual Group Meeting of AICRP on Seed (Crops) held at UAS, Bengaluru on 02-03 May 2024

 

Extension Activities

 

Orchard Planting done at STRU field by Hon’ble Vice Chancellors of Agriculture Universities of Maharashtra

 
   
 
   
 

Inuaguration of Covered Threshing Floor at the field of STR. Unit, Dr. PDKV., Akola Dr. Sanjay Kumar, Director, IISS, Mau , Dr. Sharad Gadakh, VC, Dr. PDKV., Akola and dignitaries

Implementation of Tribal Sub Plan

Under Tribal Sub Plan: Training on Promotion of Seed Treatment and Seed Storage techniques for Kharif and Rabi crops in tribal areas.

Topics covered are:

  1. Different seed borne diseases and its management.
  2. Seed dressing and different seed treatment demonstration for variety of crops.
  3. Seed production technique and post-harvest management.
  4. Seed storage and testing.

 

Target Crops: Rabi:

  1. Chickpea
  2. Wheat
  3. Spices

Kharif:

  1. Soybean
  2. Pigeonpea
  3. Sorghum
  4. Maize
  5. Green gram
  6. Black gram

Training and distribution of the Farm inputs to Tribals, Tal. Chikhaldara, Dist. Amravati

Training and distribution of the Farm inputs to Tribals, Tal. Barshitakli, Dist. Akola

Dr. S. R. Gadakh, Hon’ble Vice Chancellor, Dr. PDKV, Akola address tribal farmers and distributed Farm inputs  (Vermi Compost Bed) during “Tribal Krishi Melawa” at Chilati, Tal. Chikhaldara, District Amravati on 24/02/2023

Visit of Dr. S. R. Gadakh, Hon’ble Vice Chancellor, Dr. PDKV, Akola and dignitaries to Ashram Shala Stall and Dr. Amrapali Akhare, SRO, STRU addressing during “Tribal Krishi Melawa”  at Chilati, Tal. Chikhaldara, District Amravati on 24/02/2023

 

Contact Information

Seed Research Officer
Seed Technology Research Unit
Dr. PDKV, Akola- 444104 (MS)
Mobile No.  7020909738

Email : seed_technology@yahoo.co.in
seed_technology@pdkv.ac.in

January 5th, 2014 Comments Off on Commercial Fruit Nursery Unit, Akola

Commercial Fruit Nursery Unit, Akola

 

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About Station

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Agro Climatic Information

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Infrastructure

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Mandate

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Activities

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Scientists

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Educational Activities

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Publications

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Contact Information

 

About Station

Commercial Fruit Nursery Unit is situated near Nagarjun Medicinal Garden on National Highway No.-6 Akola. Which is one of the part of College of Horticulture, Dr. P.D.K.V., Akola.
Being a perennial nature of life cycle, propagation of fruit is very important and essential art and science for selling the healthy, true to type planting material.
Ultimately, it directly or indirectly reflects in to the production of maximum yield and quality of fruit. Taking into consideration of above fact, the production of virus free planting material is the immense need of cultivations of the region. Since contamination of various genuses through the unhygienic instruments, adulteration in the media like soil, sand, vermiculite etc, is common amongst the nurseryman. Mango, Aonla, Annona, Fig, Citrus spp., Papaya are the important fruit crop of the region. The different varieties of above fruit crop, which are popular among the cultivator, are thus, produce on large scale in this unit.
This unit was established in the year 1981-82 At the time of establishment, it was run by Central Research Station, Dr. PDKV, Akola. Under non-plan scheme of Govt. of Maharashtra. After the separate function of college of Horticulture, Akola from the year 2001-02, it is working under leadership of Associate Dean, College of Horticulture Dr. PDKV Akola.

 

Agro Climatic Information

Akola is situated at an elevation of 307.4 meter above the mean sea level at 220 42’ North latitude and 770 02’ East longitude and has subtropical climate. Normal rainfall of 0.2 mm in 41.2 rainy days received at Akola centre. Rainfall received during four months i.e. June to Sept. maximum temperature ranges between 29.0 0C to 47.2 0C. April, May and 1st week of June are the hottest period in which temperature ranges between 33 0C to 44 0C. However, in the month of December and January maximum temp is below 30 0C. The minimum temp ranges between 10.3 to 27.6 0C. Bright sunshine hours ranges between 3.3 to 8.8 hours in rainy season sunshine hours are less (3.3 to 4.5 hours) wind speed in the range of 4.9 to 9.1 km/hour during January to April, However, it is more onwards April up to Sept. (10 to 16.2 km/hour). Relative humidity 10 % during summer and maximum in Rainy season i.e. 88 %. Evaporation rate is maximum during summer (17.3 mm/day) and minimum in the month December and January (402 to 5.2 mm day).

 

Infrastructure

Land :

The area under this unit is about 3.50 ha of which area under permanent plantation about 1.50 ha. Area under other seasonal horticulture crop is about 1.50 ha. Area under building, roads, green shade net house, etc. is 0.05 ha.

Other Facilities :

  • This unit is having mother orchard of Citrus Spp, Mango, Sapota, Guava for the source of grafting material used for the preparation of graft.
  • Successful grafting of different fruit crop are achieved by this unit with using the Green Shade net house.
  • This unit is having two green shade net house size 60×80 feet and 40×30 feet with foggers to maintain watering and temp. under net house for better establishment of graft, seedling and cutting.
  • The irrigation facilities is well equipped and the micro sprinklers are used for irrigate the raising bed different seedling
  • Root trainers are used for raising the papaya seedling.

 

Mandate/Objectives

The main objectives behind the establishment of this unit are

  • To provide genuine and true to type planting material to the cultivators and government agenesis.

  • To provide the planting material in cheaper rate.

  • To advice, the farmers regarding the scientific method of planting of various fruit crop.

  • To develop horticultural propagation practices of various fruit crop during nursery stage.

 

Activities

  • To develop Nursery practices for production of commercial fruit plant like, mango, chiku, aonla, sitaphal, mandarin, kagzi lime etc.

  • The grafts, layers and seedlings of commercially important fruit crops are being produced and sold to the cultivators and Govt. agencies.

  • The response of the local and outside farmers, towards the purchase of planting material produced in this unit is so warming and enthusiastic that, without giving any advertisement of this unit in any media, about 95-98% of the produce is sold amongst the cultivators.

 

Educational Activities

  • Experimental trial of M. Sc. Fruit Science (Hort.) students is going on the unit.

  • Practical of B.Sc. (Hort.) Degree Course related to propagation were conducted in this unit.

  • Practical of M. Sc. Horti. Student regarding propagation and nursery studies associated with this unit.

 

Research Activities and Achievements

  • The main objective of establishment of this unit is to provide genuine and true to type material to the cultivators.

  • This unit as a research point of view conduct various research trial of fruit crops to solve the problem regarding propagation of different fruit crops which are important and grown in this region which is provide to the farmers by this unit.

  • The research is have immense importance that how easy efficiently the techniques of different propagation standardized by this unit which is suitable to environmental condition of this region.

Technology use for Propagation:

  • Softwood grafting in Aonla
  • Softwood grafting in Sitaphal/Ramphal/Hanumanphal
  • Polybag method of layering in Guava
  • Softwood grafting in Sapota
  • Softwood grafting in Mango
  • Air layering in Pomegranate.
  • Preparation of seedlings of Coorg Honey Dew variety of Papaya.

Achievement:
Most important achievement of the nursery is after it is working under the leadership of collage of Horticulture from 2001-2002 the receipt of this unit is about 30 lakhs. which is utilized by the C.R.S. Dr. PDKV and by University time to time and the yearly receipt show progressive performance and the receipt utilized by this unit for better growth of nursery.

Research recommendation
Research recommendation of various fruit crops is given on different propagation method of fruit crops like sapota, custard apple, mango. guava. etc. recommendation on seed germination of Aonla and grafting time of custard apple.
This unit are take keen interest to standardized the germination of Karonda and standardized the cutting method of propagation in pomegranate

 

Extension Activities

  • This unit organized the exhibition of different crops and seedling cutting for the farmers during ‘Shiwar Feri’ conducted by Dr. P. D. K. V., Akola.
  • This unit participated various Agricultural Krishi Melava
  • Trainees of different organization visited this unit for training organized by Dr. P. D. K. V., Akola.
  • Cultivator in batches from all over MS, MP, Rajasthan, Gujarat, visited this nursery every year.
  • T.V. talk given by this unit – 40 topics from different Propagation Techniques of fruit crops
  • Guided farmers regarding planting techniques of different fruit crop.

 

Publications

  • 120 popular articles related to nursery management practices and propagation of different fruit crops.

  • Prepared six folders for transfer of technology related to propagation techniques through this unit.

 

Contact Information

Assistant Horticulturist
Commercial Fruit Nursery Unit
College of Horticulture
Near Nagarjun Garden
Dr. P.D.K.V. Akola
Phone : 0724 – 2258508
P.B.X. Extn . 1149

 

January 5th, 2014 Comments Off on Agro Product Development Research Centre (APDRC), Akola

Agro Product Development Research Centre (APDRC), Akola

 

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About Project

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Objectives

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Mandate

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Research and Development Activities

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Research Projects

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Recommendations

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Infracture Facilities

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Extension Activities

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Scientists

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Contact Information

 

About Project

Agro Product Development Research Centre (APDRC), is an independent, non-granted unit established for research and development activities for value addition of agro-horticultural produce and inaugurated at the hands of Hon’ble Shri. Sharad Powar there then Chief Minister of Maharashtra State, on 4th April, 1994. The budgetary provision of the centre has meet out from the self-generated revenue and agency funded projects.

 

Objectives

  1. Research & development of processes and product from the crop produce of the economical important crops of the region.

  2. Encouragement and practical help to farmers / entrepreneurs through demonstration and hand-on training.

  3. Providing technical advice and consultancy services for commercialization of the agro-processing techniques / technologies.

 

Mandate

The core mandate of APDRC is guidance, promotion and helping the peoples for encouragement of agribusiness / entrepreneurship through R & D activities for value addition in agricultural commodities in the region.

 

Research and Development Activities

The first crop tackled by the group of the scientist for value addition was sorghum popularly known as “Jowar” and the technology developed for “Preparation of High-DE Liquid Glucose from whole sorghum and other cereals” awarded patent () by Govt. of India. This sorghum processing technology replaced maize in many food processing industries in India for liquid glucose and grain spirit production. The various value added processes and technologies developed by the centre are-
  1. Production of high-De liquid glucose from whole sorghum grain (Patent No. 190562).
  2. Process for direct conversion of farm fresh turmeric rhizomes in to dry concentrate (Patent pending, C.B.R. No. 663).
  3. Processes for conversion of fruit and vegetable in to the concentrate with out loosing its colour and flavor.
  4. Time reduction process for preparation of tutifruity from unriped papaya.
  5. Process for production of ethanol and syrup from sweet sorghum stalk juice.
  6. Aonla processing technology (Candy, sharbat & Powder).
  7. Small scale, low cost, simple technology and equipment “PKV-Biodiesel Processor” for production of biodiesel from non-edible oil.

 

Research Projects

Projects Completed

  • Establishment of High DE liquid glucose mini plant and studying its market acceptability (State Govt. of MS has sactioned Rs. 22.20 lakhs)
  • Developing sorghum as an efficient biomass and bioenergy crop and providing value addition to the rain damaged kharif grain for creating industrial demand (NATP, Hyderabad, sanctioned 36 lakh)
  • Mass multiplication of bio-fertilizers, bio-control agent and quick decomposing cultures. (A revolving fund scheme of Rs. 15.67 lakh has been sanctioned by ICAR)

On-going Projects

  • “Pilot scale demonstration cum training project on agro-horticultural processing for value addition” funded by Rajiv Gandhi Science and Technology Commission, Govt. of Maharashtra, Mumbai.

 

Recommendations

  1. PKV–Turmeric processing technology is recommended for converting farm fresh turmeric rhizomes in to quality turmeric powder within 24 hrs.
  2. “PKV – Biodiesel Processor” based on simple & low cost technology is recommended for domestic production of quality biodiesel from Jatropha oil.
  3. PKV-Tuttifruity technology is recommended for converting papaya in to cherry with in 12 hrs.

 

Infrastructure Facilities

Pilot plants for demonstration & hand-on training

1. Liquid glucose
2. Turmeric powder
3. Fruit and vegetable concentrates

 4. Papaya tutti-fruity
5. Biodiesel
6. Solar dryer
Processing Equipments
1. Grinder and Pulverisers
2. Oven drier
3. Packaging machine		 4. Cum / Glass mouth sealer
5. Basket centrifuge
Laboratory equipments
1. Thermospectronic (Genesys 20)
2. Water activity meter, Decagon device (AQUALITE)
3. pH meter: Microprocessor based (ORION 3)
4. Protein Analyser (PELICAN)
5. Fat and Oil Analyser (PELICAN)
6. Deep freezer (REMI RQF 265 Horizontal)
7. Refrigerated Centrifuge (IEC)
8. Magnetic stirrer
9. Vortex Mixture		 10. Vaccum pump
11. Water batch
12. Balance
13. Refractometer
14. Polarimeter
15. Laboratory oven
16. Laminar Flow
17. Seed Germinator
Training Hall
Training hall of seating capacity of 50 trainees.

 

BiodieselMobile   LiquidGlucosePlant
Biodiesel Demonstration Mobile Unit   Liquid Glucose Pilot Plant
PapayaCherry   TractorOnBiodiesel
Papaya tuttifruity Cherry   Tractor run on Biodiesel
    PowerTiller
Generator run on Biodiesel   Power tiller testing on Biodiesel
WaterPump   TurmericRhizomes
WaterPump run on biodiesel in farmers training programme   Farm fresh turmeric rhizomes in to dry concentrate

 

 

Extension Activity

Exhibition, Kisan Melawa, Guest lectures etc.

 

Contact Information

Dr. Sanjay Bhoyar
Officer in Charge
Agro Product Development Research Centre
Dr. PDKV, Akola- 444104 (MS)

Email : apdrc@pdkv.ac.in
Phone no. : 0724 2258192


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